signal(7) — Linux manual page

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signal(7)           Miscellaneous Information Manual           signal(7)

NAME         top

       signal - overview of signals

DESCRIPTION         top

       Linux supports both POSIX reliable signals (hereinafter "standard
       signals") and POSIX real-time signals.

   Signal dispositions
       Each signal has a current disposition, which determines how the
       process behaves when it is delivered the signal.

       The entries in the "Action" column of the table below specify the
       default disposition for each signal, as follows:

       Term   Default action is to terminate the process.

       Ign    Default action is to ignore the signal.

       Core   Default action is to terminate the process and dump core
              (see core(5)).

       Stop   Default action is to stop the process.

       Cont   Default action is to continue the process if it is
              currently stopped.

       A process can change the disposition of a signal using
       sigaction(2) or signal(2).  (The latter is less portable when
       establishing a signal handler; see signal(2) for details.)  Using
       these system calls, a process can elect one of the following
       behaviors to occur on delivery of the signal: perform the default
       action; ignore the signal; or catch the signal with a signal
       handler, a programmer-defined function that is automatically
       invoked when the signal is delivered.

       By default, a signal handler is invoked on the normal process
       stack.  It is possible to arrange that the signal handler uses an
       alternate stack; see sigaltstack(2) for a discussion of how to do
       this and when it might be useful.

       The signal disposition is a per-process attribute: in a
       multithreaded application, the disposition of a particular signal
       is the same for all threads.

       A child created via fork(2) inherits a copy of its parent's
       signal dispositions.  During an execve(2), the dispositions of
       handled signals are reset to the default; the dispositions of
       ignored signals are left unchanged.

   Sending a signal
       The following system calls and library functions allow the caller
       to send a signal:

       raise(3)
              Sends a signal to the calling thread.

       kill(2)
              Sends a signal to a specified process, to all members of a
              specified process group, or to all processes on the
              system.

       pidfd_send_signal(2)
              Sends a signal to a process identified by a PID file
              descriptor.

       killpg(3)
              Sends a signal to all of the members of a specified
              process group.

       pthread_kill(3)
              Sends a signal to a specified POSIX thread in the same
              process as the caller.

       tgkill(2)
              Sends a signal to a specified thread within a specific
              process.  (This is the system call used to implement
              pthread_kill(3).)

       sigqueue(3)
              Sends a real-time signal with accompanying data to a
              specified process.

   Waiting for a signal to be caught
       The following system calls suspend execution of the calling
       thread until a signal is caught (or an unhandled signal
       terminates the process):

       pause(2)
              Suspends execution until any signal is caught.

       sigsuspend(2)
              Temporarily changes the signal mask (see below) and
              suspends execution until one of the unmasked signals is
              caught.

   Synchronously accepting a signal
       Rather than asynchronously catching a signal via a signal
       handler, it is possible to synchronously accept the signal, that
       is, to block execution until the signal is delivered, at which
       point the kernel returns information about the signal to the
       caller.  There are two general ways to do this:

       •  sigwaitinfo(2), sigtimedwait(2), and sigwait(3) suspend
          execution until one of the signals in a specified set is
          delivered.  Each of these calls returns information about the
          delivered signal.

       •  signalfd(2) returns a file descriptor that can be used to read
          information about signals that are delivered to the caller.
          Each read(2) from this file descriptor blocks until one of the
          signals in the set specified in the signalfd(2) call is
          delivered to the caller.  The buffer returned by read(2)
          contains a structure describing the signal.

   Signal mask and pending signals
       A signal may be blocked, which means that it will not be
       delivered until it is later unblocked.  Between the time when it
       is generated and when it is delivered a signal is said to be
       pending.

       Each thread in a process has an independent signal mask, which
       indicates the set of signals that the thread is currently
       blocking.  A thread can manipulate its signal mask using
       pthread_sigmask(3).  In a traditional single-threaded
       application, sigprocmask(2) can be used to manipulate the signal
       mask.

       A child created via fork(2) inherits a copy of its parent's
       signal mask; the signal mask is preserved across execve(2).

       A signal may be process-directed or thread-directed.  A process-
       directed signal is one that is targeted at (and thus pending for)
       the process as a whole.  A signal may be process-directed because
       it was generated by the kernel for reasons other than a hardware
       exception, or because it was sent using kill(2) or sigqueue(3).
       A thread-directed signal is one that is targeted at a specific
       thread.  A signal may be thread-directed because it was generated
       as a consequence of executing a specific machine-language
       instruction that triggered a hardware exception (e.g., SIGSEGV
       for an invalid memory access, or SIGFPE for a math error), or
       because it was targeted at a specific thread using interfaces
       such as tgkill(2) or pthread_kill(3).

       A process-directed signal may be delivered to any one of the
       threads that does not currently have the signal blocked.  If more
       than one of the threads has the signal unblocked, then the kernel
       chooses an arbitrary thread to which to deliver the signal.

       A thread can obtain the set of signals that it currently has
       pending using sigpending(2).  This set will consist of the union
       of the set of pending process-directed signals and the set of
       signals pending for the calling thread.

       A child created via fork(2) initially has an empty pending signal
       set; the pending signal set is preserved across an execve(2).

   Execution of signal handlers
       Whenever there is a transition from kernel-mode to user-mode
       execution (e.g., on return from a system call or scheduling of a
       thread onto the CPU), the kernel checks whether there is a
       pending unblocked signal for which the process has established a
       signal handler.  If there is such a pending signal, the following
       steps occur:

       (1)  The kernel performs the necessary preparatory steps for
            execution of the signal handler:

            (1.1)  The signal is removed from the set of pending
                   signals.

            (1.2)  If the signal handler was installed by a call to
                   sigaction(2) that specified the SA_ONSTACK flag and
                   the thread has defined an alternate signal stack
                   (using sigaltstack(2)), then that stack is installed.

            (1.3)  Various pieces of signal-related context are saved
                   into a special frame that is created on the stack.
                   The saved information includes:

                   •  the program counter register (i.e., the address of
                      the next instruction in the main program that
                      should be executed when the signal handler
                      returns);

                   •  architecture-specific register state required for
                      resuming the interrupted program;

                   •  the thread's current signal mask;

                   •  the thread's alternate signal stack settings.

                   If the signal handler was installed using the
                   sigaction(2) SA_SIGINFO flag, then the above
                   information is accessible via the ucontext_t object
                   that is pointed to by the third argument of the
                   signal handler.  This object reflects the state at
                   which the signal is delivered, rather than in the
                   handler; for example, the mask of blocked signals
                   stored in this object will not contain the mask of
                   new signals blocked through sigaction(2).

            (1.4)  Any signals specified in act->sa_mask when
                   registering the handler with sigaction(2) are added
                   to the thread's signal mask.  The signal being
                   delivered is also added to the signal mask, unless
                   SA_NODEFER was specified when registering the
                   handler.  These signals are thus blocked while the
                   handler executes.

       (2)  The kernel constructs a frame for the signal handler on the
            stack.  The kernel sets the program counter for the thread
            to point to the first instruction of the signal handler
            function, and configures the return address for that
            function to point to a piece of user-space code known as the
            signal trampoline (described in sigreturn(2)).

       (3)  The kernel passes control back to user-space, where
            execution commences at the start of the signal handler
            function.

       (4)  When the signal handler returns, control passes to the
            signal trampoline code.

       (5)  The signal trampoline calls sigreturn(2), a system call that
            uses the information in the stack frame created in step 1 to
            restore the thread to its state before the signal handler
            was called.  The thread's signal mask and alternate signal
            stack settings are restored as part of this procedure.  Upon
            completion of the call to sigreturn(2), the kernel transfers
            control back to user space, and the thread recommences
            execution at the point where it was interrupted by the
            signal handler.

       Note that if the signal handler does not return (e.g., control is
       transferred out of the handler using siglongjmp(3), or the
       handler executes a new program with execve(2)), then the final
       step is not performed.  In particular, in such scenarios it is
       the programmer's responsibility to restore the state of the
       signal mask (using sigprocmask(2)), if it is desired to unblock
       the signals that were blocked on entry to the signal handler.
       (Note that siglongjmp(3) may or may not restore the signal mask,
       depending on the savesigs value that was specified in the
       corresponding call to sigsetjmp(3).)

       From the kernel's point of view, execution of the signal handler
       code is exactly the same as the execution of any other user-space
       code.  That is to say, the kernel does not record any special
       state information indicating that the thread is currently
       executing inside a signal handler.  All necessary state
       information is maintained in user-space registers and the user-
       space stack.  The depth to which nested signal handlers may be
       invoked is thus limited only by the user-space stack (and
       sensible software design!).

   Standard signals
       Linux supports the standard signals listed below.  The second
       column of the table indicates which standard (if any) specified
       the signal: "P1990" indicates that the signal is described in the
       original POSIX.1-1990 standard; "P2001" indicates that the signal
       was added in SUSv2 and POSIX.1-2001.
       Signal      Standard   Action   Comment
       ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       SIGABRT      P1990      Core    Abort signal from abort(3)
       SIGALRM      P1990      Term    Timer signal from alarm(2)
       SIGBUS       P2001      Core    Bus error (bad memory access)
       SIGCHLD      P1990      Ign     Child stopped or terminated
       SIGCLD         -        Ign     A synonym for SIGCHLD
       SIGCONT      P1990      Cont    Continue if stopped
       SIGEMT         -        Term    Emulator trap
       SIGFPE       P1990      Core    Floating-point exception
       SIGHUP       P1990      Term    Hangup detected on controlling terminal
                                       or death of controlling process
       SIGILL       P1990      Core    Illegal Instruction
       SIGINFO        -                A synonym for SIGPWR
       SIGINT       P1990      Term    Interrupt from keyboard
       SIGIO          -        Term    I/O now possible (4.2BSD)
       SIGIOT         -        Core    IOT trap. A synonym for SIGABRT
       SIGKILL      P1990      Term    Kill signal
       SIGLOST        -        Term    File lock lost (unused)
       SIGPIPE      P1990      Term    Broken pipe: write to pipe with no
                                       readers; see pipe(7)
       SIGPOLL      P2001      Term    Pollable event (Sys V);
                                       synonym for SIGIO
       SIGPROF      P2001      Term    Profiling timer expired
       SIGPWR         -        Term    Power failure (System V)
       SIGQUIT      P1990      Core    Quit from keyboard
       SIGSEGV      P1990      Core    Invalid memory reference
       SIGSTKFLT      -        Term    Stack fault on coprocessor (unused)
       SIGSTOP      P1990      Stop    Stop process
       SIGTSTP      P1990      Stop    Stop typed at terminal
       SIGSYS       P2001      Core    Bad system call (SVr4);
                                       see also seccomp(2)
       SIGTERM      P1990      Term    Termination signal
       SIGTRAP      P2001      Core    Trace/breakpoint trap
       SIGTTIN      P1990      Stop    Terminal input for background process
       SIGTTOU      P1990      Stop    Terminal output for background process
       SIGUNUSED      -        Core    Synonymous with SIGSYS
       SIGURG       P2001      Ign     Urgent condition on socket (4.2BSD)
       SIGUSR1      P1990      Term    User-defined signal 1
       SIGUSR2      P1990      Term    User-defined signal 2
       SIGVTALRM    P2001      Term    Virtual alarm clock (4.2BSD)
       SIGXCPU      P2001      Core    CPU time limit exceeded (4.2BSD);
                                       see setrlimit(2)
       SIGXFSZ      P2001      Core    File size limit exceeded (4.2BSD);
                                       see setrlimit(2)
       SIGWINCH       -        Ign     Window resize signal (4.3BSD, Sun)

       The signals SIGKILL and SIGSTOP cannot be caught, blocked, or
       ignored.

       Up to and including Linux 2.2, the default behavior for SIGSYS,
       SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, and (on architectures other than SPARC and
       MIPS) SIGBUS was to terminate the process (without a core dump).
       (On some other UNIX systems the default action for SIGXCPU and
       SIGXFSZ is to terminate the process without a core dump.)  Linux
       2.4 conforms to the POSIX.1-2001 requirements for these signals,
       terminating the process with a core dump.

       SIGEMT is not specified in POSIX.1-2001, but nevertheless appears
       on most other UNIX systems, where its default action is typically
       to terminate the process with a core dump.

       SIGPWR (which is not specified in POSIX.1-2001) is typically
       ignored by default on those other UNIX systems where it appears.

       SIGIO (which is not specified in POSIX.1-2001) is ignored by
       default on several other UNIX systems.

   Queueing and delivery semantics for standard signals
       If multiple standard signals are pending for a process, the order
       in which the signals are delivered is unspecified.

       Standard signals do not queue.  If multiple instances of a
       standard signal are generated while that signal is blocked, then
       only one instance of the signal is marked as pending (and the
       signal will be delivered just once when it is unblocked).  In the
       case where a standard signal is already pending, the siginfo_t
       structure (see sigaction(2)) associated with that signal is not
       overwritten on arrival of subsequent instances of the same
       signal.  Thus, the process will receive the information
       associated with the first instance of the signal.

   Signal numbering for standard signals
       The numeric value for each signal is given in the table below.
       As shown in the table, many signals have different numeric values
       on different architectures.  The first numeric value in each
       table row shows the signal number on x86, ARM, and most other
       architectures; the second value is for Alpha and SPARC; the third
       is for MIPS; and the last is for PARISC.  A dash (-) denotes that
       a signal is absent on the corresponding architecture.
       Signal        x86/ARM     Alpha/   MIPS   PARISC   Notes
                   most others   SPARC
       ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
       SIGHUP           1           1       1       1
       SIGINT           2           2       2       2
       SIGQUIT          3           3       3       3
       SIGILL           4           4       4       4
       SIGTRAP          5           5       5       5
       SIGABRT          6           6       6       6
       SIGIOT           6           6       6       6
       SIGBUS           7          10      10      10
       SIGEMT           -           7       7      -
       SIGFPE           8           8       8       8
       SIGKILL          9           9       9       9
       SIGUSR1         10          30      16      16
       SIGSEGV         11          11      11      11
       SIGUSR2         12          31      17      17
       SIGPIPE         13          13      13      13
       SIGALRM         14          14      14      14
       SIGTERM         15          15      15      15
       SIGSTKFLT       16          -       -        7
       SIGCHLD         17          20      18      18
       SIGCLD           -          -       18      -
       SIGCONT         18          19      25      26
       SIGSTOP         19          17      23      24
       SIGTSTP         20          18      24      25
       SIGTTIN         21          21      26      27
       SIGTTOU         22          22      27      28
       SIGURG          23          16      21      29
       SIGXCPU         24          24      30      12
       SIGXFSZ         25          25      31      30
       SIGVTALRM       26          26      28      20
       SIGPROF         27          27      29      21
       SIGWINCH        28          28      20      23
       SIGIO           29          23      22      22
       SIGPOLL                                            Same as SIGIO
       SIGPWR          30         29/-     19      19
       SIGINFO          -         29/-     -       -
       SIGLOST          -         -/29     -       -
       SIGSYS          31          12      12      31
       SIGUNUSED       31          -       -       31

       Note the following:

       •  Where defined, SIGUNUSED is synonymous with SIGSYS.  Since
          glibc 2.26, SIGUNUSED is no longer defined on any
          architecture.

       •  Signal 29 is SIGINFO/SIGPWR (synonyms for the same value) on
          Alpha but SIGLOST on SPARC.

   Real-time signals
       Starting with Linux 2.2, Linux supports real-time signals as
       originally defined in the POSIX.1b real-time extensions (and now
       included in POSIX.1-2001).  The range of supported real-time
       signals is defined by the macros SIGRTMIN and SIGRTMAX.
       POSIX.1-2001 requires that an implementation support at least
       _POSIX_RTSIG_MAX (8) real-time signals.

       The Linux kernel supports a range of 33 different real-time
       signals, numbered 32 to 64.  However, the glibc POSIX threads
       implementation internally uses two (for NPTL) or three (for
       LinuxThreads) real-time signals (see pthreads(7)), and adjusts
       the value of SIGRTMIN suitably (to 34 or 35).  Because the range
       of available real-time signals varies according to the glibc
       threading implementation (and this variation can occur at run
       time according to the available kernel and glibc), and indeed the
       range of real-time signals varies across UNIX systems, programs
       should never refer to real-time signals using hard-coded numbers,
       but instead should always refer to real-time signals using the
       notation SIGRTMIN+n, and include suitable (run-time) checks that
       SIGRTMIN+n does not exceed SIGRTMAX.

       Unlike standard signals, real-time signals have no predefined
       meanings: the entire set of real-time signals can be used for
       application-defined purposes.

       The default action for an unhandled real-time signal is to
       terminate the receiving process.

       Real-time signals are distinguished by the following:

       •  Multiple instances of real-time signals can be queued.  By
          contrast, if multiple instances of a standard signal are
          delivered while that signal is currently blocked, then only
          one instance is queued.

       •  If the signal is sent using sigqueue(3), an accompanying value
          (either an integer or a pointer) can be sent with the signal.
          If the receiving process establishes a handler for this signal
          using the SA_SIGINFO flag to sigaction(2), then it can obtain
          this data via the si_value field of the siginfo_t structure
          passed as the second argument to the handler.  Furthermore,
          the si_pid and si_uid fields of this structure can be used to
          obtain the PID and real user ID of the process sending the
          signal.

       •  Real-time signals are delivered in a guaranteed order.
          Multiple real-time signals of the same type are delivered in
          the order they were sent.  If different real-time signals are
          sent to a process, they are delivered starting with the
          lowest-numbered signal.  (I.e., low-numbered signals have
          highest priority.)  By contrast, if multiple standard signals
          are pending for a process, the order in which they are
          delivered is unspecified.

       If both standard and real-time signals are pending for a process,
       POSIX leaves it unspecified which is delivered first.  Linux,
       like many other implementations, gives priority to standard
       signals in this case.

       According to POSIX, an implementation should permit at least
       _POSIX_SIGQUEUE_MAX (32) real-time signals to be queued to a
       process.  However, Linux does things differently.  Up to and
       including Linux 2.6.7, Linux imposes a system-wide limit on the
       number of queued real-time signals for all processes.  This limit
       can be viewed and (with privilege) changed via the
       /proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-max file.  A related file,
       /proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-nr, can be used to find out how many real-
       time signals are currently queued.  In Linux 2.6.8, these /proc
       interfaces were replaced by the RLIMIT_SIGPENDING resource limit,
       which specifies a per-user limit for queued signals; see
       setrlimit(2) for further details.

       The addition of real-time signals required the widening of the
       signal set structure (sigset_t) from 32 to 64 bits.
       Consequently, various system calls were superseded by new system
       calls that supported the larger signal sets.  The old and new
       system calls are as follows:
       Linux 2.0 and earlier   Linux 2.2 and later
       sigaction(2)            rt_sigaction(2)
       sigpending(2)           rt_sigpending(2)
       sigprocmask(2)          rt_sigprocmask(2)
       sigreturn(2)            rt_sigreturn(2)
       sigsuspend(2)           rt_sigsuspend(2)
       sigtimedwait(2)         rt_sigtimedwait(2)

   Interruption of system calls and library functions by signal handlers

       If a signal handler is invoked while a system call or library
       function call is blocked, then either:

       •  the call is automatically restarted after the signal handler
          returns; or

       •  the call fails with the error EINTR.

       Which of these two behaviors occurs depends on the interface and
       whether or not the signal handler was established using the
       SA_RESTART flag (see sigaction(2)).  The details vary across UNIX
       systems; below, the details for Linux.

       If a blocked call to one of the following interfaces is
       interrupted by a signal handler, then the call is automatically
       restarted after the signal handler returns if the SA_RESTART flag
       was used; otherwise the call fails with the error EINTR:

       •  read(2), readv(2), write(2), writev(2), and ioctl(2) calls on
          "slow" devices.  A "slow" device is one where the I/O call may
          block for an indefinite time, for example, a terminal, pipe,
          or socket.  If an I/O call on a slow device has already
          transferred some data by the time it is interrupted by a
          signal handler, then the call will return a success status
          (normally, the number of bytes transferred).  Note that a
          (local) disk is not a slow device according to this
          definition; I/O operations on disk devices are not interrupted
          by signals.

       •  open(2), if it can block (e.g., when opening a FIFO; see
          fifo(7)).

       •  wait(2), wait3(2), wait4(2), waitid(2), and waitpid(2).

       •  Socket interfaces: accept(2), connect(2), recv(2),
          recvfrom(2), recvmmsg(2), recvmsg(2), send(2), sendto(2), and
          sendmsg(2), unless a timeout has been set on the socket (see
          below).

       •  File locking interfaces: flock(2) and the F_SETLKW and
          F_OFD_SETLKW operations of fcntl(2)

       •  POSIX message queue interfaces: mq_receive(3),
          mq_timedreceive(3), mq_send(3), and mq_timedsend(3).

       •  futex(2) FUTEX_WAIT (since Linux 2.6.22; beforehand, always
          failed with EINTR).

       •  getrandom(2).

       •  pthread_mutex_lock(3), pthread_cond_wait(3), and related APIs.

       •  futex(2) FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET.

       •  POSIX semaphore interfaces: sem_wait(3) and sem_timedwait(3)
          (since Linux 2.6.22; beforehand, always failed with EINTR).

       •  read(2) from an inotify(7) file descriptor (since Linux 3.8;
          beforehand, always failed with EINTR).

       The following interfaces are never restarted after being
       interrupted by a signal handler, regardless of the use of
       SA_RESTART; they always fail with the error EINTR when
       interrupted by a signal handler:

       •  "Input" socket interfaces, when a timeout (SO_RCVTIMEO) has
          been set on the socket using setsockopt(2): accept(2),
          recv(2), recvfrom(2), recvmmsg(2) (also with a non-NULL
          timeout argument), and recvmsg(2).

       •  "Output" socket interfaces, when a timeout (SO_RCVTIMEO) has
          been set on the socket using setsockopt(2): connect(2),
          send(2), sendto(2), and sendmsg(2).

       •  Interfaces used to wait for signals: pause(2), sigsuspend(2),
          sigtimedwait(2), and sigwaitinfo(2).

       •  File descriptor multiplexing interfaces: epoll_wait(2),
          epoll_pwait(2), poll(2), ppoll(2), select(2), and pselect(2).

       •  System V IPC interfaces: msgrcv(2), msgsnd(2), semop(2), and
          semtimedop(2).

       •  Sleep interfaces: clock_nanosleep(2), nanosleep(2), and
          usleep(3).

       •  io_getevents(2).

       The sleep(3) function is also never restarted if interrupted by a
       handler, but gives a success return: the number of seconds
       remaining to sleep.

       In certain circumstances, the seccomp(2) user-space notification
       feature can lead to restarting of system calls that would
       otherwise never be restarted by SA_RESTART; for details, see
       seccomp_unotify(2).

   Interruption of system calls and library functions by stop signals
       On Linux, even in the absence of signal handlers, certain
       blocking interfaces can fail with the error EINTR after the
       process is stopped by one of the stop signals and then resumed
       via SIGCONT.  This behavior is not sanctioned by POSIX.1, and
       doesn't occur on other systems.

       The Linux interfaces that display this behavior are:

       •  "Input" socket interfaces, when a timeout (SO_RCVTIMEO) has
          been set on the socket using setsockopt(2): accept(2),
          recv(2), recvfrom(2), recvmmsg(2) (also with a non-NULL
          timeout argument), and recvmsg(2).

       •  "Output" socket interfaces, when a timeout (SO_RCVTIMEO) has
          been set on the socket using setsockopt(2): connect(2),
          send(2), sendto(2), and sendmsg(2), if a send timeout
          (SO_SNDTIMEO) has been set.

       •  epoll_wait(2), epoll_pwait(2).

       •  semop(2), semtimedop(2).

       •  sigtimedwait(2), sigwaitinfo(2).

       •  Linux 3.7 and earlier: read(2) from an inotify(7) file
          descriptor

       •  Linux 2.6.21 and earlier: futex(2) FUTEX_WAIT,
          sem_timedwait(3), sem_wait(3).

       •  Linux 2.6.8 and earlier: msgrcv(2), msgsnd(2).

       •  Linux 2.4 and earlier: nanosleep(2).

STANDARDS         top

       POSIX.1, except as noted.

NOTES         top

       For a discussion of async-signal-safe functions, see
       signal-safety(7).

       The /proc/pid/task/tid/status file contains various fields that
       show the signals that a thread is blocking (SigBlk), catching
       (SigCgt), or ignoring (SigIgn).  (The set of signals that are
       caught or ignored will be the same across all threads in a
       process.)  Other fields show the set of pending signals that are
       directed to the thread (SigPnd) as well as the set of pending
       signals that are directed to the process as a whole (ShdPnd).
       The corresponding fields in /proc/pid/status show the information
       for the main thread.  See proc(5) for further details.

BUGS         top

       There are six signals that can be delivered as a consequence of a
       hardware exception: SIGBUS, SIGEMT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, and
       SIGTRAP.  Which of these signals is delivered, for any given
       hardware exception, is not documented and does not always make
       sense.

       For example, an invalid memory access that causes delivery of
       SIGSEGV on one CPU architecture may cause delivery of SIGBUS on
       another architecture, or vice versa.

       For another example, using the x86 int instruction with a
       forbidden argument (any number other than 3 or 128) causes
       delivery of SIGSEGV, even though SIGILL would make more sense,
       because of how the CPU reports the forbidden operation to the
       kernel.

SEE ALSO         top

       kill(1), clone(2), getrlimit(2), kill(2), pidfd_send_signal(2),
       restart_syscall(2), rt_sigqueueinfo(2), setitimer(2),
       setrlimit(2), sgetmask(2), sigaction(2), sigaltstack(2),
       signal(2), signalfd(2), sigpending(2), sigprocmask(2),
       sigreturn(2), sigsuspend(2), sigwaitinfo(2), abort(3),
       bsd_signal(3), killpg(3), longjmp(3), pthread_sigqueue(3),
       raise(3), sigqueue(3), sigset(3), sigsetops(3), sigvec(3),
       sigwait(3), strsignal(3), swapcontext(3), sysv_signal(3),
       core(5), proc(5), nptl(7), pthreads(7), sigevent(3type)

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the man-pages (Linux kernel and C library
       user-space interface documentation) project.  Information about
       the project can be found at 
       ⟨https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/⟩.  If you have a bug report
       for this manual page, see
       ⟨https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/docs/man-pages/man-pages.git/tree/CONTRIBUTING⟩.
       This page was obtained from the tarball man-pages-6.9.1.tar.gz
       fetched from
       ⟨https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/man-pages/⟩ on
       2024-06-26.  If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML
       version of the page, or you believe there is a better or more up-
       to-date source for the page, or you have corrections or
       improvements to the information in this COLOPHON (which is not
       part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       man-pages@man7.org

Linux man-pages 6.9.1          2024-06-17                      signal(7)

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