numactl(8) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLES | NOTES | FILES | COPYRIGHT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON

NUMACTL(8)            Linux Administrator's Manual            NUMACTL(8)

NAME         top

       numactl - Control NUMA policy for processes or shared memory

SYNOPSIS         top

       numactl [ --all ] [ --balancing ] [ --interleave nodes ] [
       --weighted-interleave nodes ] [ --preferred node ] [ --preferred-
       many nodes ] [ --membind nodes ] [ --cpunodebind nodes ] [
       --physcpubind cpus ] [ --localalloc ] [--] command {arguments
       ...}
       numactl --show
       numactl --hardware [--cpu-compress]
       numactl --version
       numactl [ --huge ] [ --offset offset ] [ --shmmode shmmode ] [
       --length length ] [ --strict ]
       [ --shmid id ] --shm shmkeyfile | --file tmpfsfile
       [ --touch ] [ --dump ] [ --dump-nodes ] memory policy

DESCRIPTION         top

       numactl runs processes with a specific NUMA scheduling or memory
       placement policy.  The policy is set for command and inherited by
       all of its children.  In addition it can set persistent policy
       for shared memory segments or files.

       Use -- before command if using command options that could be
       confused with numactl options.

       nodes may be specified as N,N,N or  N-N or N,N-N or  N-N,N-N and
       so forth.  Relative nodes may be specified as +N,N,N or  +N-N or
       +N,N-N and so forth. The + indicates that the node numbers are
       relative to the process' set of allowed nodes in its current
       cpuset.  A !N-N notation indicates the inverse of N-N, in other
       words all nodes except N-N.  If used with + notation, specify
       !+N-N. When same is specified the previous nodemask specified on
       the command line is used.  all means all nodes in the current
       cpuset.

       Instead of a number a node can also be:
       netdev:DEV                 The node connected to network device DEV.
       file:PATH                  The node the block device of PATH.
       ip:HOST                    The node of the network device of HOST
       block:PATH                 The node of block device PATH
       pci:[seg:]bus:dev[:func]   The node of a PCI device.

       Note that block resolves the kernel block device names only for
       udev names in /dev use file:

       Policy settings are:

       --all, -a
              Unset default cpuset awareness, so user can use all
              possible CPUs/nodes for following policy settings.

       --interleave=nodes, -i nodes
              Set a memory interleave policy. Memory will be allocated
              using round robin on nodes.  When memory cannot be
              allocated on the current interleave target fall back to
              other nodes.  Multiple nodes may be specified on
              --interleave, --membind and --cpunodebind.

       --weighted-interleave=nodes, -w nodes
              Set a weighted memory interleave policy. Memory will be
              allocated using the weighted ratio for each node, which
              can be read from
              /sys/kernel/mm/mempolicy/weighted_interleave/node*.  When
              memory cannot be allocated on the current interleave
              target fall back to other nodes.

       --membind=nodes, -m nodes
              Only allocate memory from nodes.  Allocation will fail
              when there is not enough memory available on these nodes.
              nodes may be specified as noted above.

       --cpunodebind=nodes, -N nodes
              Only execute command on the CPUs of nodes.  Note that
              nodes may consist of multiple CPUs.  nodes may be
              specified as noted above.

       --physcpubind=cpus, -C cpus
              Only execute process on cpus.  This accepts cpu numbers as
              shown in the processor fields of /proc/cpuinfo, or
              relative cpus as in relative to the current cpuset.  You
              may specify "all", which means all cpus in the current
              cpuset.  Physical cpus may be specified as N,N,N or  N-N
              or N,N-N or  N-N,N-N and so forth.  Relative cpus may be
              specified as +N,N,N or  +N-N or +N,N-N and so forth. The +
              indicates that the cpu numbers are relative to the
              process' set of allowed cpus in its current cpuset.  A !N-
              N notation indicates the inverse of N-N, in other words
              all cpus except N-N.  If used with + notation, specify
              !+N-N.

       --localalloc, -l
              Try to allocate on the current node of the process, but if
              memory cannot be allocated there fall back to other nodes.

       --preferred=node, -p node
              Preferably allocate memory on node, but if memory cannot
              be allocated there fall back to other nodes.  This option
              takes only a single node number.  Relative notation may be
              used.

       --balancing, -b
              Enable Linux kernel NUMA balancing for the process if it
              is supported by kernel.  This should only be used with
              --membind, -m only, otherwise ignored.

       --preferred-many=nodes, -P nodes
              Preferably allocate memory on nodes, but if memory cannot
              be allocated there fall back to other nodes.  This option
              takes a mask of preferred nodes where the closest node to
              local is considered most preferred.  Relative notation may
              be used.

       --show, -s
              Show NUMA policy settings of the current process.

       --hardware, -H
              Show inventory of available nodes on the system. When the
              --cpu-compress option is set show cpu ranges. This is not
              default not break any existing scripts.

       Numactl can set up policy for a SYSV shared memory segment or a
       file in shmfs/hugetlbfs.

       --version
       print the version of the numactl package and exit.

       The following policy settings are persistent and will be used by
       all mappings from that shared memory. The order of options
       matters here.  The specification must at least include either of
       --shm, --shmid, --file to specify the shared memory segment or
       file and a memory policy like described above ( --interleave,
       --localalloc, --preferred, --preferred-many, --membind ).

       --huge
       When creating a SYSV shared memory segment use huge pages.  Only
       valid before --shmid or --shm

       --offset
       Specify offset into the shared memory segment. Default 0.  Valid
       units are m (for MB), g (for GB), k (for KB), otherwise it
       specifies bytes.

       --strict
       Give an error when a page in the policied area in the shared
       memory segment already was faulted in with a conflicting policy.
       Default is to silently ignore this.

       --shmmode shmmode
       Only valid before --shmid or --shm When creating a shared memory
       segment set it to numeric mode shmmode.

       --length length
       Apply policy to length range in the shared memory segment or make
       the segment length long Default is to use the remaining length
       Required when a shared memory segment is created and specifies
       the length of the new segment then. Valid units are m (for MB), g
       (for GB), k (for KB), otherwise it specifies bytes.

       --shmid id
       Create or use a shared memory segment with numeric ID id

       --shm shmkeyfile
       Create or use a shared memory segment, with the ID generated
       using ftok(3) from shmkeyfile

       --file tmpfsfile
       Set policy for a file in tmpfs or hugetlbfs

       --touch
       Touch pages to enforce policy early. Default is to not touch
       them, the policy is applied when an applications maps and
       accesses a page.

       --dump
       Dump policy in the specified range.

       --dump-nodes
       Dump all nodes of the specific range (very verbose!)

       Valid node specifiers
       all                 All nodes
       number              Node number
       number1{,number2}   Node number1 and Node number2
       number1-number2     Nodes from number1 to number2
       ! nodes             Invert selection of the following specification.

EXAMPLES         top

       numactl --physcpubind=+0-4,8-12 myapplic arguments Run myapplic
       on cpus 0-4 and 8-12 of the current cpuset.

       numactl --interleave=all bigdatabase arguments Run big database
       with its memory interleaved on all CPUs.

       numactl --weighted-interleave=all bigdatabase arguments Run big
       database with its memory interleaved with weighted ratio on all
       CPUs.

       numactl --cpunodebind=0 --membind=0,1 process Run process on node
       0 with memory allocated on node 0 and 1.

       numactl --cpunodebind=0 --membind=0,1 -- process -l Run process
       as above, but with an option (-l) that would be confused with a
       numactl option.

       numactl --cpunodebind=0 --balancing --membind=0,1 process Run
       process on node 0 with memory allocated on node 0 and 1.
       Optimize the page placement with Linux kernel NUMA balancing
       mechanism if possible.

       numactl --cpunodebind=netdev:eth0 --membind=netdev:eth0 network-
       server Run network-server on the node of network device eth0 with
       its memory also in the same node.

       numactl --preferred=1 numactl --show Set preferred node 1 and
       show the resulting state.

       numactl --preferred-many=0x3 numactl --show Set preferred nodes 1
       and 2, and show the resulting state.

       numactl --length 1g --shm /tmp/shmkey --interleave=all Interleave
       all of the sysv shared memory region of size 1g specified by
       /tmp/shmkey over all nodes.

       Place a tmpfs file on 2 nodes:
         numactl --membind=2 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/shm/A bs=1M
       count=1024
         numactl --membind=3 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/shm/A seek=1024
       bs=1M count=1024

       numactl --localalloc /dev/shm/file Reset the policy for the
       shared memory file file to the default localalloc policy.

NOTES         top

       Requires a NUMA policy aware kernel.

       Command is not executed using a shell. If you want to use shell
       metacharacters in the child use sh -c as wrapper.

       Setting policy for a hugetlbfs file does currently not work
       because it cannot be extended by truncate.

       Shared memory segments larger than numactl's address space cannot
       be completely policied. This could be a problem on 32bit
       architectures.  Changing it piece by piece may work.

       The old --cpubind which accepts node numbers, not cpu numbers, is
       deprecated and replaced with the new --cpunodebind and
       --physcpubind options.

FILES         top

       /proc/cpuinfo for the listing of active CPUs. See proc(5) for
       details.

       /sys/devices/system/node/node*/numastat for NUMA memory hit
       statistics.

COPYRIGHT         top

       Copyright 2002,2004 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.  numactl and the demo
       programs are under the GNU General Public License, v.2

SEE ALSO         top

       set_mempolicy(2) , get_mempolicy(2) , mbind(2) ,
       sched_setaffinity(2) , sched_getaffinity(2) , proc(5) , ftok(3) ,
       shmat(2) , migratepages(8)

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the numactl (NUMA commands) project.
       Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨http://oss.sgi.com/projects/libnuma/⟩.  If you have a bug report
       for this manual page, send it to linux-numa@vger.kernel.org.
       This page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://github.com/numactl/numactl.git⟩ on 2024-06-14.  (At that
       time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
       repository was 2024-06-10.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       man-pages@man7.org

SuSE Labs                       Mar 2004                      NUMACTL(8)

Pages that refer to this page: get_mempolicy(2)mbind(2)sched_setaffinity(2)set_mempolicy(2)numa(3)cpuset(7)numa(7)migratepages(8)migspeed(8)numastat(8)