timers/real_timer.c

/* real_timer.c

   A demonstration of the use of (real-time) timers created using setitimer().

   Usage: real_timer [secs [usecs [int-secs [int-usecs]]]]
             Defaults: 2      0        0         0

   The command-line arguments are the second and microsecond settings for
   the timer's initial value and interval.

   The version of this code shown in the first print of the book contained
   an error in the main() function whereby 'maxSigs' was initialized before
   'itv', even though the initialization of the former variable depends on the
   initialization of the latter variable. See the erratum for page 983 to 984.
*/
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "tlpi_hdr.h"

static volatile sig_atomic_t gotAlarm = 0;
                        /* Set nonzero on receipt of SIGALRM */

/* Retrieve and display the real time, and (if 'includeTimer' is
   TRUE) the current value and interval for the ITIMER_REAL timer */

static void
displayTimes(const char *msg, Boolean includeTimer)
{
    struct itimerval itv;
    static struct timeval start;
    struct timeval curr;
    static int callNum = 0;             /* Number of calls to this function */

    if (callNum == 0)                   /* Initialize elapsed time meter */
        if (gettimeofday(&start, NULL) == -1)
            errExit("gettimeofday");

    if (callNum % 20 == 0)              /* Print header every 20 lines */
        printf("       Elapsed   Value Interval\n");

    if (gettimeofday(&curr, NULL) == -1)
        errExit("gettimeofday");
    printf("%-7s %6.2f", msg, curr.tv_sec - start.tv_sec +
                        (curr.tv_usec - start.tv_usec) / 1000000.0);

    if (includeTimer) {
        if (getitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv) == -1)
            errExit("getitimer");
        printf("  %6.2f  %6.2f",
                itv.it_value.tv_sec + itv.it_value.tv_usec / 1000000.0,
                itv.it_interval.tv_sec + itv.it_interval.tv_usec / 1000000.0);
    }

    printf("\n");
    callNum++;
}

static void
sigalrmHandler(int sig)
{
    gotAlarm = 1;
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct itimerval itv;
    clock_t prevClock;
    int maxSigs;                /* Number of signals to catch before exiting */
    int sigCnt;                 /* Number of signals so far caught */
    struct sigaction sa;

    if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0)
        usageErr("%s [secs [usecs [int-secs [int-usecs]]]]\n", argv[0]);

    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
    sa.sa_flags = 0;
    sa.sa_handler = sigalrmHandler;
    if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL) == -1)
        errExit("sigaction");

    /* Set timer from the command-line arguments */

    itv.it_value.tv_sec = (argc > 1) ? getLong(argv[1], 0, "secs") : 2;
    itv.it_value.tv_usec = (argc > 2) ? getLong(argv[2], 0, "usecs") : 0;
    itv.it_interval.tv_sec = (argc > 3) ? getLong(argv[3], 0, "int-secs") : 0;
    itv.it_interval.tv_usec = (argc > 4) ? getLong(argv[4], 0, "int-usecs") : 0;

    /* Exit after 3 signals, or on first signal if interval is 0 */

    maxSigs = (itv.it_interval.tv_sec == 0 &&
                itv.it_interval.tv_usec == 0) ? 1 : 3;

    displayTimes("START:", FALSE);
    if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1)
        errExit("setitimer");

    prevClock = clock();
    sigCnt = 0;

    for (;;) {

        /* Inner loop consumes at least 0.5 seconds CPU time */

        while (((clock() - prevClock) * 10 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC) < 5) {
            if (gotAlarm) {                     /* Did we get a signal? */
                gotAlarm = 0;
                displayTimes("ALARM:", TRUE);

                sigCnt++;
                if (sigCnt >= maxSigs) {
                    printf("That's all folks\n");
                    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
                }
            }
        }

        prevClock = clock();
        displayTimes("Main: ", TRUE);
    }
}