git-filter-branch(1) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | WARNING | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | EXIT STATUS | EXAMPLES | CHECKLIST FOR SHRINKING A REPOSITORY | PERFORMANCE | SAFETY | GIT | NOTES | COLOPHON

GIT-FILTER-BRANCH(1)           Git Manual           GIT-FILTER-BRANCH(1)

NAME         top

       git-filter-branch - Rewrite branches

SYNOPSIS         top

       git filter-branch [--setup <command>] [--subdirectory-filter <directory>]
               [--env-filter <command>] [--tree-filter <command>]
               [--index-filter <command>] [--parent-filter <command>]
               [--msg-filter <command>] [--commit-filter <command>]
               [--tag-name-filter <command>] [--prune-empty]
               [--original <namespace>] [-d <directory>] [-f | --force]
               [--state-branch <branch>] [--] [<rev-list-options>...]

WARNING         top

       git filter-branch has a plethora of pitfalls that can produce
       non-obvious manglings of the intended history rewrite (and can
       leave you with little time to investigate such problems since it
       has such abysmal performance). These safety and performance
       issues cannot be backward compatibly fixed and as such, its use
       is not recommended. Please use an alternative history filtering
       tool such as git filter-repo[1]. If you still need to use git
       filter-branch, please carefully read the section called “SAFETY”
       (and the section called “PERFORMANCE”) to learn about the land
       mines of filter-branch, and then vigilantly avoid as many of the
       hazards listed there as reasonably possible.

DESCRIPTION         top

       Lets you rewrite Git revision history by rewriting the branches
       mentioned in the <rev-list-options>, applying custom filters on
       each revision. Those filters can modify each tree (e.g. removing
       a file or running a perl rewrite on all files) or information
       about each commit. Otherwise, all information (including original
       commit times or merge information) will be preserved.

       The command will only rewrite the positive refs mentioned in the
       command line (e.g. if you pass a..b, only b will be rewritten).
       If you specify no filters, the commits will be recommitted
       without any changes, which would normally have no effect.
       Nevertheless, this may be useful in the future for compensating
       for some Git bugs or such, therefore such a usage is permitted.

       NOTE: This command honors .git/info/grafts file and refs in the
       refs/replace/ namespace. If you have any grafts or replacement
       refs defined, running this command will make them permanent.

       WARNING! The rewritten history will have different object names
       for all the objects and will not converge with the original
       branch. You will not be able to easily push and distribute the
       rewritten branch on top of the original branch. Please do not use
       this command if you do not know the full implications, and avoid
       using it anyway, if a simple single commit would suffice to fix
       your problem. (See the "RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section
       in git-rebase(1) for further information about rewriting
       published history.)

       Always verify that the rewritten version is correct: The original
       refs, if different from the rewritten ones, will be stored in the
       namespace refs/original/.

       Note that since this operation is very I/O expensive, it might be
       a good idea to redirect the temporary directory off-disk with the
       -d option, e.g. on tmpfs. Reportedly the speedup is very
       noticeable.

   Filters
       The filters are applied in the order as listed below. The
       <command> argument is always evaluated in the shell context using
       the eval command (with the notable exception of the commit
       filter, for technical reasons). Prior to that, the $GIT_COMMIT
       environment variable will be set to contain the id of the commit
       being rewritten. Also, GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL,
       GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_NAME, GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL, and
       GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are taken from the current commit and exported
       to the environment, in order to affect the author and committer
       identities of the replacement commit created by
       git-commit-tree(1) after the filters have run.

       If any evaluation of <command> returns a non-zero exit status,
       the whole operation will be aborted.

       A map function is available that takes an "original sha1 id"
       argument and outputs a "rewritten sha1 id" if the commit has been
       already rewritten, and "original sha1 id" otherwise; the map
       function can return several ids on separate lines if your commit
       filter emitted multiple commits.

OPTIONS         top

       --setup <command>
           This is not a real filter executed for each commit but a one
           time setup just before the loop. Therefore no commit-specific
           variables are defined yet. Functions or variables defined
           here can be used or modified in the following filter steps
           except the commit filter, for technical reasons.

       --subdirectory-filter <directory>
           Only look at the history which touches the given
           subdirectory. The result will contain that directory (and
           only that) as its project root. Implies the section called
           “Remap to ancestor”.

       --env-filter <command>
           This filter may be used if you only need to modify the
           environment in which the commit will be performed.
           Specifically, you might want to rewrite the author/committer
           name/email/time environment variables (see git-commit-tree(1)
           for details).

       --tree-filter <command>
           This is the filter for rewriting the tree and its contents.
           The argument is evaluated in shell with the working directory
           set to the root of the checked out tree. The new tree is then
           used as-is (new files are auto-added, disappeared files are
           auto-removed - neither .gitignore files nor any other ignore
           rules HAVE ANY EFFECT!).

       --index-filter <command>
           This is the filter for rewriting the index. It is similar to
           the tree filter but does not check out the tree, which makes
           it much faster. Frequently used with git rm --cached
           --ignore-unmatch ..., see EXAMPLES below. For hairy cases,
           see git-update-index(1).

       --parent-filter <command>
           This is the filter for rewriting the commit’s parent list. It
           will receive the parent string on stdin and shall output the
           new parent string on stdout. The parent string is in the
           format described in git-commit-tree(1): empty for the initial
           commit, "-p parent" for a normal commit and "-p parent1 -p
           parent2 -p parent3 ..." for a merge commit.

       --msg-filter <command>
           This is the filter for rewriting the commit messages. The
           argument is evaluated in the shell with the original commit
           message on standard input; its standard output is used as the
           new commit message.

       --commit-filter <command>
           This is the filter for performing the commit. If this filter
           is specified, it will be called instead of the git
           commit-tree command, with arguments of the form "<TREE_ID>
           [(-p <PARENT_COMMIT_ID>)...]" and the log message on stdin.
           The commit id is expected on stdout.

           As a special extension, the commit filter may emit multiple
           commit ids; in that case, the rewritten children of the
           original commit will have all of them as parents.

           You can use the map convenience function in this filter, and
           other convenience functions, too. For example, calling
           skip_commit "$@" will leave out the current commit (but not
           its changes! If you want that, use git rebase instead).

           You can also use the git_commit_non_empty_tree "$@" instead
           of git commit-tree "$@" if you don’t wish to keep commits
           with a single parent and that makes no change to the tree.

       --tag-name-filter <command>
           This is the filter for rewriting tag names. When passed, it
           will be called for every tag ref that points to a rewritten
           object (or to a tag object which points to a rewritten
           object). The original tag name is passed via standard input,
           and the new tag name is expected on standard output.

           The original tags are not deleted, but can be overwritten;
           use "--tag-name-filter cat" to simply update the tags. In
           this case, be very careful and make sure you have the old
           tags backed up in case the conversion has run afoul.

           Nearly proper rewriting of tag objects is supported. If the
           tag has a message attached, a new tag object will be created
           with the same message, author, and timestamp. If the tag has
           a signature attached, the signature will be stripped. It is
           by definition impossible to preserve signatures. The reason
           this is "nearly" proper, is because ideally if the tag did
           not change (points to the same object, has the same name,
           etc.) it should retain any signature. That is not the case,
           signatures will always be removed, buyer beware. There is
           also no support for changing the author or timestamp (or the
           tag message for that matter). Tags which point to other tags
           will be rewritten to point to the underlying commit.

       --prune-empty
           Some filters will generate empty commits that leave the tree
           untouched. This option instructs git-filter-branch to remove
           such commits if they have exactly one or zero non-pruned
           parents; merge commits will therefore remain intact. This
           option cannot be used together with --commit-filter, though
           the same effect can be achieved by using the provided
           git_commit_non_empty_tree function in a commit filter.

       --original <namespace>
           Use this option to set the namespace where the original
           commits will be stored. The default value is refs/original.

       -d <directory>
           Use this option to set the path to the temporary directory
           used for rewriting. When applying a tree filter, the command
           needs to temporarily check out the tree to some directory,
           which may consume considerable space in case of large
           projects. By default it does this in the .git-rewrite/
           directory but you can override that choice by this parameter.

       -f, --force
           git filter-branch refuses to start with an existing temporary
           directory or when there are already refs starting with
           refs/original/, unless forced.

       --state-branch <branch>
           This option will cause the mapping from old to new objects to
           be loaded from named branch upon startup and saved as a new
           commit to that branch upon exit, enabling incremental of
           large trees. If <branch> does not exist it will be created.

       <rev-list options>...
           Arguments for git rev-list. All positive refs included by
           these options are rewritten. You may also specify options
           such as --all, but you must use -- to separate them from the
           git filter-branch options. Implies the section called “Remap
           to ancestor”.

   Remap to ancestor
       By using git-rev-list(1) arguments, e.g., path limiters, you can
       limit the set of revisions which get rewritten. However, positive
       refs on the command line are distinguished: we don’t let them be
       excluded by such limiters. For this purpose, they are instead
       rewritten to point at the nearest ancestor that was not excluded.

EXIT STATUS         top

       On success, the exit status is 0. If the filter can’t find any
       commits to rewrite, the exit status is 2. On any other error, the
       exit status may be any other non-zero value.

EXAMPLES         top

       Suppose you want to remove a file (containing confidential
       information or copyright violation) from all commits:

           git filter-branch --tree-filter 'rm filename' HEAD

       However, if the file is absent from the tree of some commit, a
       simple rm filename will fail for that tree and commit. Thus you
       may instead want to use rm -f filename as the script.

       Using --index-filter with git rm yields a significantly faster
       version. Like with using rm filename, git rm --cached filename
       will fail if the file is absent from the tree of a commit. If you
       want to "completely forget" a file, it does not matter when it
       entered history, so we also add --ignore-unmatch:

           git filter-branch --index-filter 'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch filename' HEAD

       Now, you will get the rewritten history saved in HEAD.

       To rewrite the repository to look as if foodir/ had been its
       project root, and discard all other history:

           git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter foodir -- --all

       Thus you can, e.g., turn a library subdirectory into a repository
       of its own. Note the -- that separates filter-branch options from
       revision options, and the --all to rewrite all branches and tags.

       To set a commit (which typically is at the tip of another
       history) to be the parent of the current initial commit, in order
       to paste the other history behind the current history:

           git filter-branch --parent-filter 'sed "s/^\$/-p <graft-id>/"' HEAD

       (if the parent string is empty - which happens when we are
       dealing with the initial commit - add graftcommit as a parent).
       Note that this assumes history with a single root (that is, no
       merge without common ancestors happened). If this is not the
       case, use:

           git filter-branch --parent-filter \
                   'test $GIT_COMMIT = <commit-id> && echo "-p <graft-id>" || cat' HEAD

       or even simpler:

           git replace --graft $commit-id $graft-id
           git filter-branch $graft-id..HEAD

       To remove commits authored by "Darl McBribe" from the history:

           git filter-branch --commit-filter '
                   if [ "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" = "Darl McBribe" ];
                   then
                           skip_commit "$@";
                   else
                           git commit-tree "$@";
                   fi' HEAD

       The function skip_commit is defined as follows:

           skip_commit()
           {
                   shift;
                   while [ -n "$1" ];
                   do
                           shift;
                           map "$1";
                           shift;
                   done;
           }

       The shift magic first throws away the tree id and then the -p
       parameters. Note that this handles merges properly! In case Darl
       committed a merge between P1 and P2, it will be propagated
       properly and all children of the merge will become merge commits
       with P1,P2 as their parents instead of the merge commit.

       NOTE the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not
       reverted by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten
       branch. If you want to throw out changes together with the
       commits, you should use the interactive mode of git rebase.

       You can rewrite the commit log messages using --msg-filter. For
       example, git svn-id strings in a repository created by git svn
       can be removed this way:

           git filter-branch --msg-filter '
                   sed -e "/^git-svn-id:/d"
           '

       If you need to add Acked-by lines to, say, the last 10 commits
       (none of which is a merge), use this command:

           git filter-branch --msg-filter '
                   cat &&
                   echo "Acked-by: Bugs Bunny <bunny@bugzilla.org>"
           ' HEAD~10..HEAD

       The --env-filter option can be used to modify committer and/or
       author identity. For example, if you found out that your commits
       have the wrong identity due to a misconfigured user.email, you
       can make a correction, before publishing the project, like this:

           git filter-branch --env-filter '
                   if test "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
                   then
                           GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=john@example.com
                   fi
                   if test "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
                   then
                           GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=john@example.com
                   fi
           ' -- --all

       To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a
       revision range in addition to the new branch name. The new branch
       name will point to the top-most revision that a git rev-list of
       this range will print.

       Consider this history:

                D--E--F--G--H
               /     /
           A--B-----C

       To rewrite only commits D,E,F,G,H, but leave A, B and C alone,
       use:

           git filter-branch ... C..H

       To rewrite commits E,F,G,H, use one of these:

           git filter-branch ... C..H --not D
           git filter-branch ... D..H --not C

       To move the whole tree into a subdirectory, or remove it from
       there:

           git filter-branch --index-filter \
                   'git ls-files -s | sed "s-\t\"*-&newsubdir/-" |
                           GIT_INDEX_FILE=$GIT_INDEX_FILE.new \
                                   git update-index --index-info &&
                    mv "$GIT_INDEX_FILE.new" "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"' HEAD

CHECKLIST FOR SHRINKING A REPOSITORY         top

       git-filter-branch can be used to get rid of a subset of files,
       usually with some combination of --index-filter and
       --subdirectory-filter. People expect the resulting repository to
       be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to
       actually make it smaller, because Git tries hard not to lose your
       objects until you tell it to. First make sure that:

       •   You really removed all variants of a filename, if a blob was
           moved over its lifetime.  git log --name-only --follow --all
           -- filename can help you find renames.

       •   You really filtered all refs: use --tag-name-filter cat --
           --all when calling git-filter-branch.

       Then there are two ways to get a smaller repository. A safer way
       is to clone, that keeps your original intact.

       •   Clone it with git clone file:///path/to/repo. The clone will
           not have the removed objects. See git-clone(1). (Note that
           cloning with a plain path just hardlinks everything!)

       If you really don’t want to clone it, for whatever reasons, check
       the following points instead (in this order). This is a very
       destructive approach, so make a backup or go back to cloning it.
       You have been warned.

       •   Remove the original refs backed up by git-filter-branch: say
           git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" refs/original/ | xargs
           -n 1 git update-ref -d.

       •   Expire all reflogs with git reflog expire --expire=now --all.

       •   Garbage collect all unreferenced objects with git gc
           --prune=now (or if your git-gc is not new enough to support
           arguments to --prune, use git repack -ad; git prune instead).

PERFORMANCE         top

       The performance of git-filter-branch is glacially slow; its
       design makes it impossible for a backward-compatible
       implementation to ever be fast:

       •   In editing files, git-filter-branch by design checks out each
           and every commit as it existed in the original repo. If your
           repo has 10^5 files and 10^5 commits, but each commit only
           modifies five files, then git-filter-branch will make you do
           10^10 modifications, despite only having (at most) 5*10^5
           unique blobs.

       •   If you try and cheat and try to make git-filter-branch only
           work on files modified in a commit, then two things happen

           •   you run into problems with deletions whenever the user is
               simply trying to rename files (because attempting to
               delete files that don’t exist looks like a no-op; it
               takes some chicanery to remap deletes across file renames
               when the renames happen via arbitrary user-provided
               shell)

           •   even if you succeed at the map-deletes-for-renames
               chicanery, you still technically violate backward
               compatibility because users are allowed to filter files
               in ways that depend upon topology of commits instead of
               filtering solely based on file contents or names (though
               this has not been observed in the wild).

       •   Even if you don’t need to edit files but only want to e.g.
           rename or remove some and thus can avoid checking out each
           file (i.e. you can use --index-filter), you still are passing
           shell snippets for your filters. This means that for every
           commit, you have to have a prepared git repo where those
           filters can be run. That’s a significant setup.

       •   Further, several additional files are created or updated per
           commit by git-filter-branch. Some of these are for supporting
           the convenience functions provided by git-filter-branch (such
           as map()), while others are for keeping track of internal
           state (but could have also been accessed by user filters; one
           of git-filter-branch’s regression tests does so). This
           essentially amounts to using the filesystem as an IPC
           mechanism between git-filter-branch and the user-provided
           filters. Disks tend to be a slow IPC mechanism, and writing
           these files also effectively represents a forced
           synchronization point between separate processes that we hit
           with every commit.

       •   The user-provided shell commands will likely involve a
           pipeline of commands, resulting in the creation of many
           processes per commit. Creating and running another process
           takes a widely varying amount of time between operating
           systems, but on any platform it is very slow relative to
           invoking a function.

       •   git-filter-branch itself is written in shell, which is kind
           of slow. This is the one performance issue that could be
           backward-compatibly fixed, but compared to the above problems
           that are intrinsic to the design of git-filter-branch, the
           language of the tool itself is a relatively minor issue.

           •   Side note: Unfortunately, people tend to fixate on the
               written-in-shell aspect and periodically ask if
               git-filter-branch could be rewritten in another language
               to fix the performance issues. Not only does that ignore
               the bigger intrinsic problems with the design, it’d help
               less than you’d expect: if git-filter-branch itself were
               not shell, then the convenience functions (map(),
               skip_commit(), etc) and the --setup argument could no
               longer be executed once at the beginning of the program
               but would instead need to be prepended to every user
               filter (and thus re-executed with every commit).

       The git filter-repo[1] tool is an alternative to
       git-filter-branch which does not suffer from these performance
       problems or the safety problems (mentioned below). For those with
       existing tooling which relies upon git-filter-branch, git
       filter-repo also provides filter-lamely[2], a drop-in
       git-filter-branch replacement (with a few caveats). While
       filter-lamely suffers from all the same safety issues as
       git-filter-branch, it at least ameliorates the performance issues
       a little.

SAFETY         top

       git-filter-branch is riddled with gotchas resulting in various
       ways to easily corrupt repos or end up with a mess worse than
       what you started with:

       •   Someone can have a set of "working and tested filters" which
           they document or provide to a coworker, who then runs them on
           a different OS where the same commands are not working/tested
           (some examples in the git-filter-branch manpage are also
           affected by this). BSD vs. GNU userland differences can
           really bite. If lucky, error messages are spewed. But just as
           likely, the commands either don’t do the filtering requested,
           or silently corrupt by making some unwanted change. The
           unwanted change may only affect a few commits, so it’s not
           necessarily obvious either. (The fact that problems won’t
           necessarily be obvious means they are likely to go unnoticed
           until the rewritten history is in use for quite a while, at
           which point it’s really hard to justify another flag-day for
           another rewrite.)

       •   Filenames with spaces are often mishandled by shell snippets
           since they cause problems for shell pipelines. Not everyone
           is familiar with find -print0, xargs -0, git-ls-files -z,
           etc. Even people who are familiar with these may assume such
           flags are not relevant because someone else renamed any such
           files in their repo back before the person doing the
           filtering joined the project. And often, even those familiar
           with handling arguments with spaces may not do so just
           because they aren’t in the mindset of thinking about
           everything that could possibly go wrong.

       •   Non-ascii filenames can be silently removed despite being in
           a desired directory. Keeping only wanted paths is often done
           using pipelines like git ls-files | grep -v ^WANTED_DIR/ |
           xargs git rm. ls-files will only quote filenames if needed,
           so folks may not notice that one of the files didn’t match
           the regex (at least not until it’s much too late). Yes,
           someone who knows about core.quotePath can avoid this (unless
           they have other special characters like \t, \n, or "), and
           people who use ls-files -z with something other than grep can
           avoid this, but that doesn’t mean they will.

       •   Similarly, when moving files around, one can find that
           filenames with non-ascii or special characters end up in a
           different directory, one that includes a double quote
           character. (This is technically the same issue as above with
           quoting, but perhaps an interesting different way that it can
           and has manifested as a problem.)

       •   It’s far too easy to accidentally mix up old and new history.
           It’s still possible with any tool, but git-filter-branch
           almost invites it. If lucky, the only downside is users
           getting frustrated that they don’t know how to shrink their
           repo and remove the old stuff. If unlucky, they merge old and
           new history and end up with multiple "copies" of each commit,
           some of which have unwanted or sensitive files and others
           which don’t. This comes about in multiple different ways:

           •   the default to only doing a partial history rewrite
               (--all is not the default and few examples show it)

           •   the fact that there’s no automatic post-run cleanup

           •   the fact that --tag-name-filter (when used to rename
               tags) doesn’t remove the old tags but just adds new ones
               with the new name

           •   the fact that little educational information is provided
               to inform users of the ramifications of a rewrite and how
               to avoid mixing old and new history. For example, this
               man page discusses how users need to understand that they
               need to rebase their changes for all their branches on
               top of new history (or delete and reclone), but that’s
               only one of multiple concerns to consider. See the
               "DISCUSSION" section of the git filter-repo manual page
               for more details.

       •   Annotated tags can be accidentally converted to lightweight
           tags, due to either of two issues:

           •   Someone can do a history rewrite, realize they messed up,
               restore from the backups in refs/original/, and then redo
               their git-filter-branch command. (The backup in
               refs/original/ is not a real backup; it dereferences tags
               first.)

           •   Running git-filter-branch with either --tags or --all in
               your <rev-list-options>. In order to retain annotated
               tags as annotated, you must use --tag-name-filter (and
               must not have restored from refs/original/ in a
               previously botched rewrite).

       •   Any commit messages that specify an encoding will become
           corrupted by the rewrite; git-filter-branch ignores the
           encoding, takes the original bytes, and feeds it to
           commit-tree without telling it the proper encoding. (This
           happens whether or not --msg-filter is used.)

       •   Commit messages (even if they are all UTF-8) by default
           become corrupted due to not being updated — any references to
           other commit hashes in commit messages will now refer to
           no-longer-extant commits.

       •   There are no facilities for helping users find what unwanted
           crud they should delete, which means they are much more
           likely to have incomplete or partial cleanups that sometimes
           result in confusion and people wasting time trying to
           understand. (For example, folks tend to just look for big
           files to delete instead of big directories or extensions, and
           once they do so, then sometime later folks using the new
           repository who are going through history will notice a build
           artifact directory that has some files but not others, or a
           cache of dependencies (node_modules or similar) which
           couldn’t have ever been functional since it’s missing some
           files.)

       •   If --prune-empty isn’t specified, then the filtering process
           can create hoards of confusing empty commits

       •   If --prune-empty is specified, then intentionally placed
           empty commits from before the filtering operation are also
           pruned instead of just pruning commits that became empty due
           to filtering rules.

       •   If --prune-empty is specified, sometimes empty commits are
           missed and left around anyway (a somewhat rare bug, but it
           happens...)

       •   A minor issue, but users who have a goal to update all names
           and emails in a repository may be led to --env-filter which
           will only update authors and committers, missing taggers.

       •   If the user provides a --tag-name-filter that maps multiple
           tags to the same name, no warning or error is provided;
           git-filter-branch simply overwrites each tag in some
           undocumented pre-defined order resulting in only one tag at
           the end. (A git-filter-branch regression test requires this
           surprising behavior.)

       Also, the poor performance of git-filter-branch often leads to
       safety issues:

       •   Coming up with the correct shell snippet to do the filtering
           you want is sometimes difficult unless you’re just doing a
           trivial modification such as deleting a couple files.
           Unfortunately, people often learn if the snippet is right or
           wrong by trying it out, but the rightness or wrongness can
           vary depending on special circumstances (spaces in filenames,
           non-ascii filenames, funny author names or emails, invalid
           timezones, presence of grafts or replace objects, etc.),
           meaning they may have to wait a long time, hit an error, then
           restart. The performance of git-filter-branch is so bad that
           this cycle is painful, reducing the time available to
           carefully re-check (to say nothing about what it does to the
           patience of the person doing the rewrite even if they do
           technically have more time available). This problem is extra
           compounded because errors from broken filters may not be
           shown for a long time and/or get lost in a sea of output.
           Even worse, broken filters often just result in silent
           incorrect rewrites.

       •   To top it all off, even when users finally find working
           commands, they naturally want to share them. But they may be
           unaware that their repo didn’t have some special cases that
           someone else’s does. So, when someone else with a different
           repository runs the same commands, they get hit by the
           problems above. Or, the user just runs commands that really
           were vetted for special cases, but they run it on a different
           OS where it doesn’t work, as noted above.

GIT         top

       Part of the git(1) suite

NOTES         top

        1. git filter-repo
           https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo/

        2. filter-lamely
           https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo/blob/master/contrib/filter-repo-demos/filter-lamely

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the git (Git distributed version control
       system) project.  Information about the project can be found at
       ⟨http://git-scm.com/⟩.  If you have a bug report for this manual
       page, see ⟨http://git-scm.com/community⟩.  This page was obtained
       from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://github.com/git/git.git⟩ on 2024-06-14.  (At that time,
       the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
       repository was 2024-06-12.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       man-pages@man7.org

Git 2.45.2.492.gd63586         2024-06-12           GIT-FILTER-BRANCH(1)

Pages that refer to this page: git(1)