inotify/dnotify.c

/* dnotify.c

   Demonstrate the use of the (obsolete) dnotify feature to obtain directory
   change notifications. (Modern programs should use inotify instead of
   dnotify. The inotify API is available in Linux 2.6.13 and later.)

   Usage is as shown in usageError() below. An example is the following:

        dnotify dir1:a xyz/dir2:acdM

   See also demo_inotify.c.

   This program is Linux-specific.
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE             /* To get DN_* constants from <fcntl.h> */
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "tlpi_hdr.h"

static void             /* Print (optional) message and usage info, then exit */
usageError(const char *progName, const char *msg)
{
    if (msg != NULL)
        fprintf(stderr, "%s", msg);

    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s directory:[events]...\n", progName);
    fprintf(stderr, "    Events are:\n"
        "        a - access; A - attrib; c - create; d - delete\n"
        "        m - modify; r - rename; M - multishot\n"
        "        (default is all events)\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

static void
handler(int sig, siginfo_t *si, void *ucontext)
{
    printf("Got event on descriptor %d\n", si->si_fd);
                        /* UNSAFE (see Section 21.1.2) */
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc < 2 || strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0)
        usageError(argv[0], NULL);

    /* Establish handler for notification signal */

    const int NOTIFY_SIG = SIGRTMIN;

    struct sigaction sa;
    sa.sa_sigaction = handler;
    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
    sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;           /* So handler gets siginfo_t arg. */
    if (sigaction(NOTIFY_SIG, &sa, NULL) == -1)
        errExit("sigaction");

    for (int fnum = 1; fnum < argc; fnum++) {
        int events;
        char *p = strchr(argv[fnum], ':');      /* Look for optional ':' */

        if (p == NULL) {                /* Default is all events + multishot */
            events = DN_ACCESS | DN_ATTRIB | DN_CREATE | DN_DELETE |
                     DN_MODIFY | DN_RENAME | DN_MULTISHOT;
        } else {                        /* ':' present, parse event chars */
            *p = '\0';                  /* Terminates directory component */
            events = 0;
            for (p++; *p != '\0'; p++) {
                switch (*p) {
                case 'a': events |= DN_ACCESS;          break;
                case 'A': events |= DN_ATTRIB;          break;
                case 'c': events |= DN_CREATE;          break;
                case 'd': events |= DN_DELETE;          break;
                case 'm': events |= DN_MODIFY;          break;
                case 'r': events |= DN_RENAME;          break;
                case 'M': events |= DN_MULTISHOT;       break;
                default:  usageError(argv[0], "Bad event character\n");
                }
            }
        }

        /* Obtain a file descriptor for the directory to be monitored */

        int fd = open(argv[fnum], O_RDONLY);
        if (fd == -1)
            errExit("open");
        printf("opened '%s' as file descriptor %d\n", argv[fnum], fd);

        /* Use alternate signal instead of SIGIO for dnotify events */

        if (fcntl(fd, F_SETSIG, NOTIFY_SIG) == -1)
            errExit("fcntl - F_SETSIG");

        /* Enable directory change notifications */

        if (fcntl(fd, F_NOTIFY, events) == -1)
            errExit("fcntl-F_NOTIFY");
        printf("events: %o\n", (unsigned int) events);
    }

    for (;;)
        pause();                        /* Wait for events */
}