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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | TAG SIGNATURES | COMMIT SIGNATURES | MERGETAG SIGNATURES | GIT | COLOPHON |
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GITFORMAT-SIGNATURE(5) Git Manual GITFORMAT-SIGNATURE(5)
gitformat-signature - Git cryptographic signature formats
<[tag|commit] object header(s)>
<over-the-wire protocol>
Git uses cryptographic signatures in various places, currently
objects (tags, commits, mergetags) and transactions (pushes). In
every case, the command which is about to create an object or
transaction determines a payload from that, calls an external
program to obtain a detached signature for the payload (gpg -bsa
in the case of PGP signatures), and embeds the signature into the
object or transaction.
Signatures begin with an "ASCII Armor" header line and end with a
tail line, which differ depending on signature type (as selected
by gpg.format, see git-config(1)). These are, for gpg.format
values:
gpg (PGP)
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- and -----END PGP
SIGNATURE-----. Or, if gpg is told to produce RFC1991
signatures, -----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE----- and -----END PGP
MESSAGE-----
ssh (SSH)
-----BEGIN SSH SIGNATURE----- and -----END SSH SIGNATURE-----
x509 (X.509)
-----BEGIN SIGNED MESSAGE----- and -----END SIGNED
MESSAGE-----
Signatures sometimes appear as a part of the normal payload (e.g.
a signed tag has the signature block appended after the payload
that the signature applies to), and sometimes appear in the value
of an object header (e.g. a merge commit that merged a signed tag
would have the entire tag contents on its "mergetag" header). In
the case of the latter, the usual multi-line formatting rule for
object headers applies. I.e. the second and subsequent lines are
prefixed with a SP to signal that the line is continued from the
previous line.
This is even true for an originally empty line. In the following
examples, the end of line that ends with a whitespace letter is
highlighted with a $ sign; if you are trying to recreate these
example by hand, do not cut and paste them—they are there
primarily to highlight extra whitespace at the end of some lines.
The signed payload and the way the signature is embedded depends
on the type of the object resp. transaction.
• created by: git tag -s
• payload: annotated tag object
• embedding: append the signature to the unsigned tag object
• example: tag signedtag with subject signed tag
object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
type commit
tag signedtag
tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000
signed tag
signed tag message body
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1
iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn
rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh
8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods
q8FWEqPPUbSJXoMbRPw04S5jrLtZSsUWbRYjmJCHzlhSfFWW4eFd37uquIaLUBS0
rkC3Jrx7420jkIpgFcTI2s60uhSQLzgcCwdA2ukSYIRnjg/zDkj8+3h/GaROJ72x
lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E=
=jpXa
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
• verify with: git verify-tag [-v] or git tag -v
gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
type commit
tag signedtag
tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000
signed tag
signed tag message body
• created by: git commit -S
• payload: commit object
• embedding: header entry gpgsig (content is preceded by a
space)
• example: commit with subject signed commit
tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332
parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465981137 +0000
committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981137 +0000
gpgsig -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1
$
iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRjRAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJ3IwIAIY4SA6GxY3BjL60YyvsJPh/
HRCJwH+w7wt3Yc/9/bW2F+gF72kdHOOs2jfv+OZhq0q4OAN6fvVSczISY/82LpS7
DVdMQj2/YcHDT4xrDNBnXnviDO9G7am/9OE77kEbXrp7QPxvhjkicHNwy2rEflAA
zn075rtEERDHr8nRYiDh8eVrefSO7D+bdQ7gv+7GsYMsd2auJWi1dHOSfTr9HIF4
HJhWXT9d2f8W+diRYXGh4X0wYiGg6na/soXc+vdtDYBzIxanRqjg8jCAeo1eOTk1
EdTwhcTZlI0x5pvJ3H0+4hA2jtldVtmPM4OTB0cTrEWBad7XV6YgiyuII73Ve3I=
=jKHM
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
signed commit
signed commit message body
• verify with: git verify-commit [-v] (or git show
--show-signature)
gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:58:57 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332
parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465981137 +0000
committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981137 +0000
signed commit
signed commit message body
• created by: git merge on signed tag
• payload/embedding: the whole signed tag object is embedded
into the (merge) commit object as header entry mergetag
• example: merge of the signed tag signedtag as above
tree c7b1cff039a93f3600a1d18b82d26688668c7dea
parent c33429be94b5f2d3ee9b0adad223f877f174b05d
parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465982009 +0000
committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465982009 +0000
mergetag object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a
type commit
tag signedtag
tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000
$
signed tag
$
signed tag message body
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1
$
iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn
rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh
8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods
q8FWEqPPUbSJXoMbRPw04S5jrLtZSsUWbRYjmJCHzlhSfFWW4eFd37uquIaLUBS0
rkC3Jrx7420jkIpgFcTI2s60uhSQLzgcCwdA2ukSYIRnjg/zDkj8+3h/GaROJ72x
lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E=
=jpXa
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream
signed tag
signed tag message body
# gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189
# gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
# gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
# gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
# Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
• verify with: verification is embedded in merge commit message
by default, alternatively with git show --show-signature:
commit 9863f0c76ff78712b6800e199a46aa56afbcbd49
merged tag 'signedtag'
gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189
gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
Merge: c33429b 04b8717
Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
Date: Wed Jun 15 09:13:29 2016 +0000
Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream
signed tag
signed tag message body
# gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189
# gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>"
# gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
# gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
# Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189
Part of the git(1) suite
This page is part of the git (Git distributed version control
system) project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨http://git-scm.com/⟩. If you have a bug report for this manual
page, see ⟨http://git-scm.com/community⟩. This page was obtained
from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/git/git.git⟩ on 2024-06-14. (At that time,
the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
repository was 2024-06-12.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
Git 2.45.2.492.gd63586 2024-06-12 GITFORMAT-SIGNATURE(5)
Pages that refer to this page: git(1), git-config(1)
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HTML rendering created 2024-06-26 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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