getaddrinfo_a(3) — Linux manual page

NAME | LIBRARY | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ATTRIBUTES | STANDARDS | HISTORY | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON

getaddrinfo_a(3)        Library Functions Manual        getaddrinfo_a(3)

NAME         top

       getaddrinfo_a, gai_suspend, gai_error, gai_cancel - asynchronous
       network address and service translation

LIBRARY         top

       Asynchronous name lookup library (libanl, -lanl)

SYNOPSIS         top

       #define _GNU_SOURCE         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
       #include <netdb.h>

       int getaddrinfo_a(int mode, struct gaicb *list[restrict],
                         int nitems, struct sigevent *restrict sevp);
       int gai_suspend(const struct gaicb *const list[], int nitems,
                         const struct timespec *timeout);

       int gai_error(struct gaicb *req);
       int gai_cancel(struct gaicb *req);

DESCRIPTION         top

       The getaddrinfo_a() function performs the same task as
       getaddrinfo(3), but allows multiple name look-ups to be performed
       asynchronously, with optional notification on completion of look-
       up operations.

       The mode argument has one of the following values:

       GAI_WAIT
              Perform the look-ups synchronously.  The call blocks until
              the look-ups have completed.

       GAI_NOWAIT
              Perform the look-ups asynchronously.  The call returns
              immediately, and the requests are resolved in the
              background.  See the discussion of the sevp argument
              below.

       The array list specifies the look-up requests to process.  The
       nitems argument specifies the number of elements in list.  The
       requested look-up operations are started in parallel.  NULL
       elements in list are ignored.  Each request is described by a
       gaicb structure, defined as follows:

           struct gaicb {
               const char            *ar_name;
               const char            *ar_service;
               const struct addrinfo *ar_request;
               struct addrinfo       *ar_result;
           };

       The elements of this structure correspond to the arguments of
       getaddrinfo(3).  Thus, ar_name corresponds to the node argument
       and ar_service to the service argument, identifying an Internet
       host and a service.  The ar_request element corresponds to the
       hints argument, specifying the criteria for selecting the
       returned socket address structures.  Finally, ar_result
       corresponds to the res argument; you do not need to initialize
       this element, it will be automatically set when the request is
       resolved.  The addrinfo structure referenced by the last two
       elements is described in getaddrinfo(3).

       When mode is specified as GAI_NOWAIT, notifications about
       resolved requests can be obtained by employing the sigevent
       structure pointed to by the sevp argument.  For the definition
       and general details of this structure, see sigevent(3type).  The
       sevp->sigev_notify field can have the following values:

       SIGEV_NONE
              Don't provide any notification.

       SIGEV_SIGNAL
              When a look-up completes, generate the signal sigev_signo
              for the process.  See sigevent(3type) for general details.
              The si_code field of the siginfo_t structure will be set
              to SI_ASYNCNL.

       SIGEV_THREAD
              When a look-up completes, invoke sigev_notify_function as
              if it were the start function of a new thread.  See
              sigevent(3type) for details.

       For SIGEV_SIGNAL and SIGEV_THREAD, it may be useful to point
       sevp->sigev_value.sival_ptr to list.

       The gai_suspend() function suspends execution of the calling
       thread, waiting for the completion of one or more requests in the
       array list.  The nitems argument specifies the size of the array
       list.  The call blocks until one of the following occurs:

       •  One or more of the operations in list completes.

       •  The call is interrupted by a signal that is caught.

       •  The time interval specified in timeout elapses.  This argument
          specifies a timeout in seconds plus nanoseconds (see
          nanosleep(2) for details of the timespec structure).  If
          timeout is NULL, then the call blocks indefinitely (until one
          of the events above occurs).

       No explicit indication of which request was completed is given;
       you must determine which request(s) have completed by iterating
       with gai_error() over the list of requests.

       The gai_error() function returns the status of the request req:
       either EAI_INPROGRESS if the request was not completed yet, 0 if
       it was handled successfully, or an error code if the request
       could not be resolved.

       The gai_cancel() function cancels the request req.  If the
       request has been canceled successfully, the error status of the
       request will be set to EAI_CANCELED and normal asynchronous
       notification will be performed.  The request cannot be canceled
       if it is currently being processed; in that case, it will be
       handled as if gai_cancel() has never been called.  If req is
       NULL, an attempt is made to cancel all outstanding requests that
       the process has made.

RETURN VALUE         top

       The getaddrinfo_a() function returns 0 if all of the requests
       have been enqueued successfully, or one of the following nonzero
       error codes:

       EAI_AGAIN
              The resources necessary to enqueue the look-up requests
              were not available.  The application may check the error
              status of each request to determine which ones failed.

       EAI_MEMORY
              Out of memory.

       EAI_SYSTEM
              mode is invalid.

       The gai_suspend() function returns 0 if at least one of the
       listed requests has been completed.  Otherwise, it returns one of
       the following nonzero error codes:

       EAI_AGAIN
              The given timeout expired before any of the requests could
              be completed.

       EAI_ALLDONE
              There were no actual requests given to the function.

       EAI_INTR
              A signal has interrupted the function.  Note that this
              interruption might have been caused by signal notification
              of some completed look-up request.

       The gai_error() function can return EAI_INPROGRESS for an
       unfinished look-up request, 0 for a successfully completed look-
       up (as described above), one of the error codes that could be
       returned by getaddrinfo(3), or the error code EAI_CANCELED if the
       request has been canceled explicitly before it could be finished.

       The gai_cancel() function can return one of these values:

       EAI_CANCELED
              The request has been canceled successfully.

       EAI_NOTCANCELED
              The request has not been canceled.

       EAI_ALLDONE
              The request has already completed.

       The gai_strerror(3) function translates these error codes to a
       human readable string, suitable for error reporting.

ATTRIBUTES         top

       For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
       attributes(7).
       ┌─────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
       │ Interface                           Attribute     Value   │
       ├─────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
       │ getaddrinfo_a(), gai_suspend(),     │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
       │ gai_error(), gai_cancel()           │               │         │
       └─────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘

STANDARDS         top

       GNU.

HISTORY         top

       glibc 2.2.3.

       The interface of getaddrinfo_a() was modeled after the
       lio_listio(3) interface.

EXAMPLES         top

       Two examples are provided: a simple example that resolves several
       requests in parallel synchronously, and a complex example showing
       some of the asynchronous capabilities.

   Synchronous example
       The program below simply resolves several hostnames in parallel,
       giving a speed-up compared to resolving the hostnames
       sequentially using getaddrinfo(3).  The program might be used
       like this:

           $ ./a.out mirrors.kernel.org enoent.linuxfoundation.org gnu.org
           mirrors.kernel.org: 139.178.88.99
           enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Name or service not known
           gnu.org: 209.51.188.116

       Here is the program source code

       #define _GNU_SOURCE
       #include <err.h>
       #include <netdb.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>
       #include <string.h>

       #define MALLOC(n, type)  ((type *) reallocarray(NULL, n, sizeof(type)))

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
           int ret;
           struct gaicb *reqs[argc - 1];
           char host[NI_MAXHOST];
           struct addrinfo *res;

           if (argc < 2) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s HOST...\n", argv[0]);
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }

           for (size_t i = 0; i < argc - 1; i++) {
               reqs[i] = MALLOC(1, struct gaicb);
               if (reqs[i] == NULL)
                   err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc");

               memset(reqs[i], 0, sizeof(*reqs[0]));
               reqs[i]->ar_name = argv[i + 1];
           }

           ret = getaddrinfo_a(GAI_WAIT, reqs, argc - 1, NULL);
           if (ret != 0) {
               fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo_a() failed: %s\n",
                       gai_strerror(ret));
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }

           for (size_t i = 0; i < argc - 1; i++) {
               printf("%s: ", reqs[i]->ar_name);
               ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
               if (ret == 0) {
                   res = reqs[i]->ar_result;

                   ret = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
                                     host, sizeof(host),
                                     NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
                   if (ret != 0) {
                       fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo() failed: %s\n",
                               gai_strerror(ret));
                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                   }
                   puts(host);

               } else {
                   puts(gai_strerror(ret));
               }
           }
           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

   Asynchronous example
       This example shows a simple interactive getaddrinfo_a() front-
       end.  The notification facility is not demonstrated.

       An example session might look like this:

           $ ./a.out
           > a mirrors.kernel.org enoent.linuxfoundation.org gnu.org
           > c 2
           [2] gnu.org: Request not canceled
           > w 0 1
           [00] mirrors.kernel.org: Finished
           > l
           [00] mirrors.kernel.org: 139.178.88.99
           [01] enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Processing request in progress
           [02] gnu.org: 209.51.188.116
           > l
           [00] mirrors.kernel.org: 139.178.88.99
           [01] enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Name or service not known
           [02] gnu.org: 209.51.188.116

       The program source is as follows:

       #define _GNU_SOURCE
       #include <assert.h>
       #include <err.h>
       #include <netdb.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>
       #include <string.h>

       #define CALLOC(n, type)  ((type *) calloc(n, sizeof(type)))

       #define REALLOCF(ptr, n, type)                                          \
       ({                                                                      \
           static_assert(__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(ptr), type *));   \
                                                                               \
           (type *) reallocarrayf(ptr, n, sizeof(type));                       \
       })

       static struct gaicb **reqs = NULL;
       static size_t nreqs = 0;

       static inline void *
       reallocarrayf(void *p, size_t nmemb, size_t size)
       {
           void  *q;

           q = reallocarray(p, nmemb, size);
           if (q == NULL && nmemb != 0 && size != 0)
               free(p);
           return q;
       }

       static char *
       getcmd(void)
       {
           static char buf[256];

           fputs("> ", stdout); fflush(stdout);
           if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
               return NULL;

           if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n')
               buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = 0;

           return buf;
       }

       /* Add requests for specified hostnames. */
       static void
       add_requests(void)
       {
           size_t nreqs_base = nreqs;
           char *host;
           int ret;

           while ((host = strtok(NULL, " "))) {
               nreqs++;
               reqs = REALLOCF(reqs, nreqs, struct gaicb *);
               if (reqs == NULL)
                   err(EXIT_FAILURE, "reallocf");

               reqs[nreqs - 1] = CALLOC(1, struct gaicb);
               if (reqs[nreqs - 1] == NULL)
                   err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc");

               reqs[nreqs - 1]->ar_name = strdup(host);
           }

           /* Queue nreqs_base..nreqs requests. */

           ret = getaddrinfo_a(GAI_NOWAIT, &reqs[nreqs_base],
                               nreqs - nreqs_base, NULL);
           if (ret) {
               fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo_a() failed: %s\n",
                       gai_strerror(ret));
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }
       }

       /* Wait until at least one of specified requests completes. */
       static void
       wait_requests(void)
       {
           char *id;
           int ret;
           size_t n;
           struct gaicb const **wait_reqs;

           wait_reqs = CALLOC(nreqs, const struct gaicb *);
           if (wait_reqs == NULL)
               err(EXIT_FAILURE, "calloc");

                       /* NULL elements are ignored by gai_suspend(). */

           while ((id = strtok(NULL, " ")) != NULL) {
               n = atoi(id);

               if (n >= nreqs) {
                   printf("Bad request number: %s\n", id);
                   return;
               }

               wait_reqs[n] = reqs[n];
           }

           ret = gai_suspend(wait_reqs, nreqs, NULL);
           if (ret) {
               printf("gai_suspend(): %s\n", gai_strerror(ret));
               return;
           }

           for (size_t i = 0; i < nreqs; i++) {
               if (wait_reqs[i] == NULL)
                   continue;

               ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
               if (ret == EAI_INPROGRESS)
                   continue;

               printf("[%02zu] %s: %s\n", i, reqs[i]->ar_name,
                      ret == 0 ? "Finished" : gai_strerror(ret));
           }
       }

       /* Cancel specified requests. */
       static void
       cancel_requests(void)
       {
           char *id;
           int ret;
           size_t n;

           while ((id = strtok(NULL, " ")) != NULL) {
               n = atoi(id);

               if (n >= nreqs) {
                   printf("Bad request number: %s\n", id);
                   return;
               }

               ret = gai_cancel(reqs[n]);
               printf("[%s] %s: %s\n", id, reqs[atoi(id)]->ar_name,
                      gai_strerror(ret));
           }
       }

       /* List all requests. */
       static void
       list_requests(void)
       {
           int ret;
           char host[NI_MAXHOST];
           struct addrinfo *res;

           for (size_t i = 0; i < nreqs; i++) {
               printf("[%02zu] %s: ", i, reqs[i]->ar_name);
               ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);

               if (!ret) {
                   res = reqs[i]->ar_result;

                   ret = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
                                     host, sizeof(host),
                                     NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
                   if (ret) {
                       fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo() failed: %s\n",
                               gai_strerror(ret));
                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                   }
                   puts(host);
               } else {
                   puts(gai_strerror(ret));
               }
           }
       }

       int
       main(void)
       {
           char *cmdline;
           char *cmd;

           while ((cmdline = getcmd()) != NULL) {
               cmd = strtok(cmdline, " ");

               if (cmd == NULL) {
                   list_requests();
               } else {
                   switch (cmd[0]) {
                   case 'a':
                       add_requests();
                       break;
                   case 'w':
                       wait_requests();
                       break;
                   case 'c':
                       cancel_requests();
                       break;
                   case 'l':
                       list_requests();
                       break;
                   default:
                       fprintf(stderr, "Bad command: %c\n", cmd[0]);
                       break;
                   }
               }
           }
           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

SEE ALSO         top

       getaddrinfo(3), inet(3), lio_listio(3), hostname(7), ip(7),
       sigevent(3type)

COLOPHON         top

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Linux man-pages 6.9.1          2024-06-15               getaddrinfo_a(3)

Pages that refer to this page: getaddrinfo(3)sigevent(3type)strtok(3)