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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | EXAMPLES | BUGS | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | RESOURCES | COPYING | NOTES | COLOPHON |
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SQLHIST(1) libtracefs Manual SQLHIST(1)
sqlhist - Tool that uses SQL language to create / show creation
of tracefs histograms and synthetic events.
sqlhist [OPTIONS] [SQL-select-command]
The sqlhist(1) will take an SQL like statement to create tracefs
histograms and synthetic events that can perform various actions
for various handling of the data.
The tracefs file system interfaces with the Linux tracing
infrastructure that has various dynamic and static events through
out the kernel. Each of these events can have a "histogram"
attached to it, where the fields of the event will define the
buckets of the histogram.
A synthetic event is a way to attach two separate events and use
the fields and time stamps of those events to create a new
dynamic event. This new dynamic event is call a synthetic event.
The fields of each event can have simple calculations done on
them where, for example, the delta between a field of one event
to a field of the other event can be taken. This also works for
the time stamps of the events where the time delta between the
two events can also be extracted and placed into the synthetic
event.
Other actions can be done from the fields of the events. A
snapshot can be taken of the kernel ring buffer a variable used
in the synthetic event creating hits a max, or simply changes.
The commands to create histograms and synthetic events are
complex and not easy to remember. sqlhist is used to convert SQL
syntax into the commands needed to create the histogram or
synthetic event.
The SQL-select-command is a SQL string defined by tracefs_sql(3).
Note, this must be run as root (or sudo) as interacting with the
tracefs directory requires root privilege, unless the -t option
is given with a copy of the tracefs directory and its events.
The sqlhist is a simple program where its code actual exists in
the tracefs_sql(3) man page.
-n name
The name of the synthetic event to create. This event can
then be used like any other event, and enabled via
trace-cmd(1).
-t tracefs-dir
In order to test this out as non root user, a copy of the
tracefs directory can be used, and passing that directory
with this option will allow the program to work. Obviously,
-e will not work as non-root because it will not be able to
execute.
# mkdir /tmp/tracing
# cp -r /sys/kernel/tracing/events /tmp/tracing
# exit
$ ./sqlhist -t /tmp/tracing ...
-e
Not only display the commands to create the histogram, but
also execute them. This requires root privilege.
-f file
Instead of reading the SQL commands from the command line,
read them from file. If file is - then read from standard
input.
-m var
Do the given action when the variable var hits a new maximum.
This can not be used with -c.
-c var
Do the given action when the variable var changes its value.
This can not be used with -m.
-s
Perform a snapshot instead of calling the synthetic event.
-T
Perform both a snapshot and trace the synthetic event.
-S fields[,fields]
Save the given fields. The fields must be fields of the "end"
event given in the SQL-select-command
-B instance
For simple statements that only produce a histogram, the
instance given here will be where the histogram will be
created. This is ignored for full synthetic event creation,
as sythetic events have a global affect on all tracing
instances, where as, histograms only affect a single
instance.
Create the sqlhist executable:
man tracefs_sql | sed -ne '/^EXAMPLE/,/FILES/ { /EXAMPLE/d ; /FILES/d ; p}' > sqlhist.c
gcc -o sqlhist sqlhist.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs libtracefs`
As described above, for testing purposes, make a copy of the
event directory:
$ mkdir /tmp/tracing
$ sudo cp -r /sys/kernel/tracing/events /tmp/tracing/
$ sudo chmod -R 0644 /tmp/tracing/
For an example of simple histogram output using the copy of the
tracefs directory.
$ ./sqlhist -t /tmp/tracing/ 'SELECT CAST(call_site as SYM-OFFSET), bytes_req, CAST(bytes_alloc AS _COUNTER_) FROM kmalloc'
Produces the output:
echo 'hist:keys=call_site.sym-offset,bytes_req:vals=bytes_alloc' > /sys/kernel/tracing/events/kmem/kmalloc/trigger
Which could be used by root:
# echo 'hist:keys=call_site.sym-offset,bytes_req:vals=bytes_alloc' > /sys/kernel/tracing/events/kmem/kmalloc/trigger
# cat /sys/kernel/tracing/events/kmem/kmalloc/hist
# event histogram
#
# trigger info: hist:keys=call_site.sym-offset,bytes_req:vals=hitcount,bytes_alloc:sort=hitcount:size=2048 [active]
#
{ call_site: [ffffffff813f8d8a] load_elf_phdrs+0x4a/0xb0 , bytes_req: 728 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 1024
{ call_site: [ffffffffc0c69e74] nf_ct_ext_add+0xd4/0x1d0 [nf_conntrack] , bytes_req: 128 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 128
{ call_site: [ffffffff818355e6] dma_resv_get_fences+0xf6/0x440 , bytes_req: 8 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 8
{ call_site: [ffffffffc06dc73f] intel_gt_get_buffer_pool+0x15f/0x290 [i915] , bytes_req: 424 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 512
{ call_site: [ffffffff813f8d8a] load_elf_phdrs+0x4a/0xb0 , bytes_req: 616 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 1024
{ call_site: [ffffffff8161a44c] __sg_alloc_table+0x11c/0x180 , bytes_req: 32 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 32
{ call_site: [ffffffffc070749d] shmem_get_pages+0xad/0x5d0 [i915] , bytes_req: 16 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 16
{ call_site: [ffffffffc07507f5] intel_framebuffer_create+0x25/0x60 [i915] , bytes_req: 408 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 512
{ call_site: [ffffffffc06fc20f] eb_parse+0x34f/0x910 [i915] , bytes_req: 408 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 512
{ call_site: [ffffffffc0700ebd] i915_gem_object_get_pages_internal+0x5d/0x270 [i915] , bytes_req: 16 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 16
{ call_site: [ffffffffc0771188] intel_frontbuffer_get+0x38/0x220 [i915] , bytes_req: 400 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 512
{ call_site: [ffffffff8161a44c] __sg_alloc_table+0x11c/0x180 , bytes_req: 128 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 128
{ call_site: [ffffffff813f8f45] load_elf_binary+0x155/0x1680 , bytes_req: 28 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 32
{ call_site: [ffffffffc07038c8] __assign_mmap_offset+0x208/0x3d0 [i915] , bytes_req: 288 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 512
{ call_site: [ffffffff813737b2] alloc_bprm+0x32/0x2f0 , bytes_req: 416 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 512
{ call_site: [ffffffff813f9027] load_elf_binary+0x237/0x1680 , bytes_req: 64 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 64
{ call_site: [ffffffff8161a44c] __sg_alloc_table+0x11c/0x180 , bytes_req: 64 } hitcount: 1 bytes_alloc: 64
{ call_site: [ffffffffc040ffe7] drm_vma_node_allow+0x27/0xe0 [drm] , bytes_req: 40 } hitcount: 2 bytes_alloc: 128
{ call_site: [ffffffff813cda98] __do_sys_timerfd_create+0x58/0x1c0 , bytes_req: 336 } hitcount: 2 bytes_alloc: 1024
{ call_site: [ffffffff818355e6] dma_resv_get_fences+0xf6/0x440 , bytes_req: 40 } hitcount: 2 bytes_alloc: 128
{ call_site: [ffffffff8139b75a] single_open+0x2a/0xa0 , bytes_req: 32 } hitcount: 2 bytes_alloc: 64
{ call_site: [ffffffff815df715] bio_kmalloc+0x25/0x80 , bytes_req: 136 } hitcount: 2 bytes_alloc: 384
{ call_site: [ffffffffc071e5cd] i915_vma_work+0x1d/0x50 [i915] , bytes_req: 416 } hitcount: 3 bytes_alloc: 1536
{ call_site: [ffffffff81390d0d] alloc_fdtable+0x4d/0x100 , bytes_req: 56 } hitcount: 3 bytes_alloc: 192
{ call_site: [ffffffffc06ff65f] i915_gem_do_execbuffer+0x158f/0x2440 [i915] , bytes_req: 16 } hitcount: 4 bytes_alloc: 64
{ call_site: [ffffffff8137713c] alloc_pipe_info+0x5c/0x230 , bytes_req: 384 } hitcount: 5 bytes_alloc: 2560
{ call_site: [ffffffff813771b4] alloc_pipe_info+0xd4/0x230 , bytes_req: 640 } hitcount: 5 bytes_alloc: 5120
{ call_site: [ffffffff81834cdb] dma_resv_list_alloc+0x1b/0x40 , bytes_req: 40 } hitcount: 6 bytes_alloc: 384
{ call_site: [ffffffff81834cdb] dma_resv_list_alloc+0x1b/0x40 , bytes_req: 56 } hitcount: 9 bytes_alloc: 576
{ call_site: [ffffffff8120086e] tracing_map_sort_entries+0x9e/0x3e0 , bytes_req: 24 } hitcount: 60 bytes_alloc: 1920
Totals:
Hits: 122
Entries: 30
Dropped: 0
Note, although the examples use uppercase for the SQL keywords,
they do not have to be. SELECT could also be select or even
sElEcT.
By using the full SQL language, synthetic events can be made and
processed. For example, using sqlhist along with trace-cmd(1),
wake up latency can be recorded by creating a synthetic event by
attaching the sched_waking and the sched_switch events.
# sqlhist -n wakeup_lat -e -T -m lat 'SELECT end.next_comm AS comm, (end.TIMESTAMP_USECS - start.TIMESTAMP_USECS) AS lat FROM ' \
'sched_waking AS start JOIN sched_switch AS end ON start.pid = end.next_pid WHERE end.next_prio < 100 && end.next_comm == "cyclictest"'
# trace-cmd start -e all -e wakeup_lat -R stacktrace
# cyclictest -l 1000 -p80 -i250 -a -t -q -m -d 0 -b 1000 --tracemark
# trace-cmd show -s | tail -30
<idle>-0 [002] dNh4 23454.902246: sched_wakeup: comm=cyclictest pid=12272 prio=120 target_cpu=002
<idle>-0 [005] ...1 23454.902246: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=5
<idle>-0 [007] d..1 23454.902246: cpu_idle: state=0 cpu_id=7
<idle>-0 [002] dNh1 23454.902247: hrtimer_expire_exit: hrtimer=0000000037956dc2
<idle>-0 [005] d..1 23454.902248: cpu_idle: state=0 cpu_id=5
<idle>-0 [002] dNh1 23454.902248: write_msr: 6e0, value 4866ce957272
<idle>-0 [006] ...1 23454.902248: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=6
<idle>-0 [002] dNh1 23454.902249: local_timer_exit: vector=236
<idle>-0 [006] d..1 23454.902250: cpu_idle: state=0 cpu_id=6
<idle>-0 [002] .N.1 23454.902250: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=2
<idle>-0 [002] dN.1 23454.902251: rcu_utilization: Start context switch
<idle>-0 [002] dN.1 23454.902252: rcu_utilization: End context switch
<idle>-0 [001] ...1 23454.902252: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=1
<idle>-0 [002] dN.3 23454.902253: prandom_u32: ret=3692516021
<idle>-0 [001] d..1 23454.902254: cpu_idle: state=0 cpu_id=1
<idle>-0 [002] d..2 23454.902254: sched_switch: prev_comm=swapper/2 prev_pid=0 prev_prio=120 prev_state=R ==> next_comm=cyclictest next_pid=12275 next_prio=19
<idle>-0 [002] d..4 23454.902256: wakeup_lat: next_comm=cyclictest lat=17
<idle>-0 [002] d..5 23454.902258: <stack trace>
=> trace_event_raw_event_synth
=> action_trace
=> event_hist_trigger
=> event_triggers_call
=> trace_event_buffer_commit
=> trace_event_raw_event_sched_switch
=> __traceiter_sched_switch
=> __schedule
=> schedule_idle
=> do_idle
=> cpu_startup_entry
=> secondary_startup_64_no_verify
Here’s the options for sqlhist explained:
-n wakeup_lat
Name the synthetic event to use wakeup_lat.
-e
Execute the commands that are printed.
-T
Perform both a trace action and then a snapshot action (swap
the buffer into the static snapshot buffer).
-m lat
Trigger the actions whenever lat hits a new maximum value.
Now a breakdown of the SQL statement:
'SELECT end.next_comm AS comm, (end.TIMESTAMP_USECS - start.TIMESTAMP_USECS) AS lat FROM ' \
'sched_waking AS start JOIN sched_switch AS end ON start.pid = end.next_pid WHERE end.next_prio < 100 && end.next_comm == "cyclictest"'
end.next_comm AS comm
Save the sched_switch field next_comm and place it into the
comm field of the wakeup_lat synthetic event.
(end.TIMESTAMP_USECS - start.TIMESTAMP_USECS) AS lat
Take the delta of the time stamps from the sched_switch event
and the sched_waking event. As time stamps are usually
recorded in nanoseconds, TIMESTAMP would give the full
nanosecond time stamp, but here, the TIMESTAMP_USECS will
truncate it into microseconds. The value is saved in the
variable lat, which will also be recorded in the synthetic
event.
FROM sched_waking AS start JOIN sched_switch AS end ON start.pid
= end.next_pid
Create the synthetic event by joining sched_waking to
sched_switch, matching the sched_waking pid field with the
sched_switch next_pid field. Also make start an alias for
sched_waking and end an alias for sched_switch which then an
use start and end as a subsitute for sched_waking and
sched_switch respectively through out the rest of the SQL
statement.
WHERE end.next_prio < 100 && end.next_comm == "cyclictest"
Filter the logic where it executes only if sched_waking
next_prio field is less than 100. (Note, in the Kernel,
priorities are inverse, and the real-time priorities are
represented from 0-100 where 0 is the highest priority). Also
only trace when the next_comm (the task scheduling in) of the
sched_switch event has the name "cyclictest".
For the trace-cmd(3) command:
trace-cmd start -e all -e wakeup_lat -R stacktrace
trace-cmd start
Enables tracing (does not record to a file).
-e all
Enable all events
-e wakeup_lat -R stacktrace
have the "wakeup_lat" event (our synthetic event) enable the
stacktrace trigger, were for every instance of the
"wakeup_lat" event, a kernel stack trace will be recorded in
the ring buffer.
After calling cyclictest (a real-time tool to measure wakeup
latency), read the snapshot buffer.
trace-cmd show -s
trace-cmd show reads the kernel ring buffer, and the -s
option will read the snapshot buffer instead of the normal
one.
<idle>-0 [002] d..4 23454.902256: wakeup_lat: next_comm=cyclictest lat=17
We see on the "wakeup_lat" event happened on CPU 2, with a wake up latency 17 microseconds.
This can be extracted into a trace.dat file that trace-cmd(3) can
read and do further analysis, as well as kernelshark.
# trace-cmd extract -s
# trace-cmd report --cpu 2 | tail -30
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902238: prandom_u32: ret=1633425088
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902239: sched_wakeup: cyclictest:12275 [19] CPU:002
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902241: hrtimer_expire_exit: hrtimer=0xffffbbd68286fe60
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902241: hrtimer_cancel: hrtimer=0xffffbbd6826efe70
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902242: hrtimer_expire_entry: hrtimer=0xffffbbd6826efe70 now=23455294430750 function=hrtimer_wakeup/0x0
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902243: sched_waking: comm=cyclictest pid=12272 prio=120 target_cpu=002
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902244: prandom_u32: ret=1102749734
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902246: sched_wakeup: cyclictest:12272 [120] CPU:002
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902247: hrtimer_expire_exit: hrtimer=0xffffbbd6826efe70
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902248: write_msr: 6e0, value 4866ce957272
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902249: local_timer_exit: vector=236
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902250: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=2
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902251: rcu_utilization: Start context switch
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902252: rcu_utilization: End context switch
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902253: prandom_u32: ret=3692516021
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902254: sched_switch: swapper/2:0 [120] R ==> cyclictest:12275 [19]
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902256: wakeup_lat: next_comm=cyclictest lat=17
<idle>-0 [002] 23454.902258: kernel_stack: <stack trace >
=> trace_event_raw_event_synth (ffffffff8121a0db)
=> action_trace (ffffffff8121e9fb)
=> event_hist_trigger (ffffffff8121ca8d)
=> event_triggers_call (ffffffff81216c72)
=> trace_event_buffer_commit (ffffffff811f7618)
=> trace_event_raw_event_sched_switch (ffffffff8110fda4)
=> __traceiter_sched_switch (ffffffff8110d449)
=> __schedule (ffffffff81c02002)
=> schedule_idle (ffffffff81c02c86)
=> do_idle (ffffffff8111e898)
=> cpu_startup_entry (ffffffff8111eba9)
=> secondary_startup_64_no_verify (ffffffff81000107)
As sqlhist is just example code from a man page, it is guaranteed
to contain lots of bugs. For one thing, not all error paths are
covered properly.
trace-cmd(1), tracefs_sql(3)
Written by Steven Rostedt, <rostedt@goodmis.org[1]>
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/trace-cmd/trace-cmd.git/
Copyright (C) 2021 , Inc. Free use of this software is granted
under the terms of the GNU Public License (GPL).
1. rostedt@goodmis.org
mailto:rostedt@goodmis.org
This page is part of the libtracefs (Linux kernel trace file
system library) project. Information about the project can be
found at ⟨https://www.trace-cmd.org/⟩. If you have a bug report
for this manual page, see ⟨https://www.trace-cmd.org/⟩. This
page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/libs/libtrace/libtracefs.git⟩ on
2023-12-22. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit
that was found in the repository was 2023-07-05.) If you
discover any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page,
or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for
the page, or you have corrections or improvements to the
information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
libtracefs 1.7.0 12/22/2023 SQLHIST(1)
Pages that refer to this page: tracefs_sql(3)
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HTML rendering created 2023-12-22 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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