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FILE-HIERARCHY(7) file-hierarchy FILE-HIERARCHY(7)
file-hierarchy - File system hierarchy overview
Operating systems using the systemd(1) system and service manager
are organized based on a file system hierarchy inspired by UNIX,
more specifically the hierarchy described in the File System
Hierarchy[1] specification and hier(7), with various extensions,
partially documented in the XDG Base Directory Specification[2]
and XDG User Directories[3]. This manual page describes a more
generalized, though minimal and modernized subset of these
specifications that defines more strictly the suggestions and
restrictions systemd makes on the file system hierarchy.
Many of the paths described here can be queried with the
systemd-path(1) tool.
/
The file system root. Usually writable, but this is not
required. Possibly a temporary file system ("tmpfs"). Not
shared with other hosts (unless read-only).
Added in version 215.
/boot/
The boot partition used for bringing up the system. On EFI
systems, this is possibly the EFI System Partition (ESP),
also see systemd-gpt-auto-generator(8). This directory is
usually strictly local to the host, and should be considered
read-only, except when a new kernel or boot loader is
installed. This directory only exists on systems that run on
physical or emulated hardware that requires boot loaders.
Added in version 215.
/efi/
If the boot partition /boot/ is maintained separately from
the EFI System Partition (ESP), the latter is mounted here.
Tools that need to operate on the EFI system partition should
look for it at this mount point first, and fall back to
/boot/ — if the former doesn't qualify (for example if it is
not a mount point or does not have the correct file system
type MSDOS_SUPER_MAGIC).
Added in version 239.
/etc/
System-specific configuration. This directory may or may not
be read-only. Frequently, this directory is pre-populated
with vendor-supplied configuration files, but applications
should not make assumptions about this directory being fully
populated or populated at all, and should fall back to
defaults if configuration is missing.
Added in version 215.
/home/
The location for normal user's home directories. Possibly
shared with other systems, and never read-only. This
directory should only be used for normal users, never for
system users. This directory and possibly the directories
contained within it might only become available or writable
in late boot or even only after user authentication. This
directory might be placed on limited-functionality network
file systems, hence applications should not assume the full
set of file API is available on this directory. Applications
should generally not reference this directory directly, but
via the per-user $HOME environment variable, or via the home
directory field of the user database.
Added in version 215.
/root/
The home directory of the root user. The root user's home
directory is located outside of /home/ in order to make sure
the root user may log in even without /home/ being available
and mounted.
Added in version 215.
/srv/
The place to store general server payload, managed by the
administrator. No restrictions are made how this directory is
organized internally. Generally writable, and possibly shared
among systems. This directory might become available or
writable only very late during boot.
Added in version 215.
/tmp/
The place for small temporary files. This directory is
usually mounted as a "tmpfs" instance, and should hence not
be used for larger files. (Use /var/tmp/ for larger files.)
This directory is usually flushed at boot-up. Also, files
that are not accessed within a certain time may be
automatically deleted.
If applications find the environment variable $TMPDIR set,
they should use the directory specified in it instead of
/tmp/ (see environ(7) and IEEE Std 1003.1[4] for details).
Since /tmp/ is accessible to other users of the system, it is
essential that files and subdirectories under this directory
are only created with mkstemp(3), mkdtemp(3), and similar
calls. For more details, see Using /tmp/ and /var/tmp/
Safely[5].
Added in version 215.
/run/
A "tmpfs" file system for system packages to place runtime
data, socket files, and similar. This directory is flushed on
boot, and generally writable for privileged programs only.
Always writable.
Added in version 215.
/run/log/
Runtime system logs. System components may place private logs
in this directory. Always writable, even when /var/log/ might
not be accessible yet.
Added in version 215.
/run/user/
Contains per-user runtime directories, each usually
individually mounted "tmpfs" instances. Always writable,
flushed at each reboot and when the user logs out. User code
should not reference this directory directly, but via the
$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR environment variable, as documented in the
XDG Base Directory Specification[2].
Added in version 215.
/usr/
Vendor-supplied operating system resources. Usually
read-only, but this is not required. Possibly shared between
multiple hosts. This directory should not be modified by the
administrator, except when installing or removing
vendor-supplied packages.
Added in version 215.
/usr/bin/
Binaries and executables for user commands that shall appear
in the $PATH search path. It is recommended not to place
binaries in this directory that are not useful for invocation
from a shell (such as daemon binaries); these should be
placed in a subdirectory of /usr/lib/ instead.
Added in version 215.
/usr/include/
C and C++ API header files of system libraries.
Added in version 215.
/usr/lib/
Static, private vendor data that is compatible with all
architectures (though not necessarily
architecture-independent). Note that this includes internal
executables or other binaries that are not regularly invoked
from a shell. Such binaries may be for any architecture
supported by the system. Do not place public libraries in
this directory, use $libdir (see below), instead.
Added in version 215.
/usr/lib/arch-id/
Location for placing dynamic libraries into, also called
$libdir. The architecture identifier to use is defined on
Multiarch Architecture Specifiers (Tuples)[6] list. Legacy
locations of $libdir are /usr/lib/, /usr/lib64/. This
directory should not be used for package-specific data,
unless this data is architecture-dependent, too. To query
$libdir for the primary architecture of the system, invoke:
# systemd-path system-library-arch
Added in version 215.
/usr/share/
Resources shared between multiple packages, such as
documentation, man pages, time zone information, fonts and
other resources. Usually, the precise location and format of
files stored below this directory is subject to
specifications that ensure interoperability.
Added in version 215.
/usr/share/doc/
Documentation for the operating system or system packages.
Added in version 215.
/usr/share/factory/etc/
Repository for vendor-supplied default configuration files.
This directory should be populated with pristine vendor
versions of all configuration files that may be placed in
/etc/. This is useful to compare the local configuration of a
system with vendor defaults and to populate the local
configuration with defaults.
Added in version 215.
/usr/share/factory/var/
Similar to /usr/share/factory/etc/, but for vendor versions
of files in the variable, persistent data directory /var/.
Added in version 215.
/var/
Persistent, variable system data. Writable during normal
system operation. This directory might be pre-populated with
vendor-supplied data, but applications should be able to
reconstruct necessary files and directories in this
subhierarchy should they be missing, as the system might
start up without this directory being populated. Persistency
is recommended, but optional, to support ephemeral systems.
This directory might become available or writable only very
late during boot. Components that are required to operate
during early boot hence shall not unconditionally rely on
this directory.
Added in version 215.
/var/cache/
Persistent system cache data. System components may place
non-essential data in this directory. Flushing this directory
should have no effect on operation of programs, except for
increased runtimes necessary to rebuild these caches.
Added in version 215.
/var/lib/
Persistent system data. System components may place private
data in this directory.
Added in version 215.
/var/log/
Persistent system logs. System components may place private
logs in this directory, though it is recommended to do most
logging via the syslog(3) and sd_journal_print(3) calls.
Added in version 215.
/var/spool/
Persistent system spool data, such as printer or mail queues.
Added in version 215.
/var/tmp/
The place for larger and persistent temporary files. In
contrast to /tmp/, this directory is usually mounted from a
persistent physical file system and can thus accept larger
files. (Use /tmp/ for small ephemeral files.) This directory
is generally not flushed at boot-up, but time-based cleanup
of files that have not been accessed for a certain time is
applied.
If applications find the environment variable $TMPDIR set,
they should use the directory specified in it instead of
/var/tmp/ (see environ(7) for details).
The same security restrictions as with /tmp/ apply:
mkstemp(3), mkdtemp(3), and similar calls should be used. For
further details about this directory, see Using /tmp/ and
/var/tmp/ Safely[5].
Added in version 215.
/dev/
The root directory for device nodes. Usually, this directory
is mounted as a "devtmpfs" instance, but might be of a
different type in sandboxed/containerized setups. This
directory is managed jointly by the kernel and
systemd-udevd(8), and should not be written to by other
components. A number of special purpose virtual file systems
might be mounted below this directory.
Added in version 215.
/dev/shm/
Place for POSIX shared memory segments, as created via
shm_open(3). This directory is flushed on boot, and is a
"tmpfs" file system. Since all users have write access to
this directory, special care should be taken to avoid name
clashes and vulnerabilities. For normal users, shared memory
segments in this directory are usually deleted when the user
logs out. Usually, it is a better idea to use memory mapped
files in /run/ (for system programs) or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR (for
user programs) instead of POSIX shared memory segments, since
these directories are not world-writable and hence not
vulnerable to security-sensitive name clashes.
Added in version 215.
/proc/
A virtual kernel file system exposing the process list and
other functionality. This file system is mostly an API to
interface with the kernel and not a place where normal files
may be stored. For details, see proc(5). A number of special
purpose virtual file systems might be mounted below this
directory.
Added in version 215.
/proc/sys/
A hierarchy below /proc/ that exposes a number of kernel
tunables. The primary way to configure the settings in this
API file tree is via sysctl.d(5) files. In
sandboxed/containerized setups, this directory is generally
mounted read-only.
Added in version 215.
/sys/
A virtual kernel file system exposing discovered devices and
other functionality. This file system is mostly an API to
interface with the kernel and not a place where normal files
may be stored. In sandboxed/containerized setups, this
directory is generally mounted read-only. A number of special
purpose virtual file systems might be mounted below this
directory.
Added in version 215.
/sys/fs/cgroup/
A virtual kernel file system exposing process control groups
(cgroups). This file system is an API to interface with the
kernel and not a place where normal files may be stored. On
current systems running in the default "unified" mode, this
directory serves as the mount point for the "cgroup2"
filesystem, which provides a unified cgroup hierarchy for all
resource controllers. On systems with non-default
configurations, this directory may instead be a tmpfs
filesystem containing mount points for various "cgroup" (v1)
resource controllers; in such configurations, if "cgroup2" is
mounted it will be mounted on /sys/fs/cgroup/unified/, but
cgroup2 will not have resource controllers attached. In
sandboxed/containerized setups, this directory may either not
exist or may include a subset of functionality.
Added in version 251.
/bin/, /sbin/, /usr/sbin/
These compatibility symlinks point to /usr/bin/, ensuring
that scripts and binaries referencing these legacy paths
correctly find their binaries.
Added in version 215.
/lib/
This compatibility symlink points to /usr/lib/, ensuring that
programs referencing this legacy path correctly find their
resources.
Added in version 215.
/lib64/
On some architecture ABIs, this compatibility symlink points
to $libdir, ensuring that binaries referencing this legacy
path correctly find their dynamic loader. This symlink only
exists on architectures whose ABI places the dynamic loader
in this path.
Added in version 215.
/var/run/
This compatibility symlink points to /run/, ensuring that
programs referencing this legacy path correctly find their
runtime data.
Added in version 215.
User applications may want to place files and directories in the
user's home directory. They should follow the following basic
structure. Note that some of these directories are also
standardized (though more weakly) by the XDG Base Directory
Specification[2]. Additional locations for high-level user
resources are defined by xdg-user-dirs[3].
~/.cache/
Persistent user cache data. User programs may place
non-essential data in this directory. Flushing this directory
should have no effect on operation of programs, except for
increased runtimes necessary to rebuild these caches. If an
application finds $XDG_CACHE_HOME set, it should use the
directory specified in it instead of this directory.
Added in version 215.
~/.config/
Application configuration. When a new user is created, this
directory will be empty or not exist at all. Applications
should fall back to defaults should their configuration in
this directory be missing. If an application finds
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME set, it should use the directory specified
in it instead of this directory.
Added in version 215.
~/.local/bin/
Executables that shall appear in the user's $PATH search
path. It is recommended not to place executables in this
directory that are not useful for invocation from a shell;
these should be placed in a subdirectory of ~/.local/lib/
instead. Care should be taken when placing
architecture-dependent binaries in this place, which might be
problematic if the home directory is shared between multiple
hosts with different architectures.
Added in version 215.
~/.local/lib/
Static, private vendor data that is compatible with all
architectures.
Added in version 215.
~/.local/lib/arch-id/
Location for placing public dynamic libraries. The
architecture identifier to use is defined on Multiarch
Architecture Specifiers (Tuples)[6] list.
Added in version 215.
~/.local/share/
Resources shared between multiple packages, such as fonts or
artwork. Usually, the precise location and format of files
stored below this directory is subject to specifications that
ensure interoperability. If an application finds
$XDG_DATA_HOME set, it should use the directory specified in
it instead of this directory.
Added in version 215.
~/.local/state/
Application state. When a new user is created, this directory
will be empty or not exist at all. Applications should fall
back to defaults should their state in this directory be
missing. If an application finds $XDG_STATE_HOME set, it
should use the directory specified in it instead of this
directory.
Added in version 254.
Unprivileged Write Access
Unprivileged processes generally lack write access to most of the
hierarchy.
The exceptions for normal users are /tmp/, /var/tmp/, /dev/shm/,
as well as the home directory $HOME (usually found below /home/)
and the runtime directory $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR (found below
/run/user/) of the user, which are all writable.
For unprivileged system processes, only /tmp/, /var/tmp/ and
/dev/shm/ are writable. If an unprivileged system process needs a
private writable directory in /var/ or /run/, it is recommended
to either create it before dropping privileges in the daemon
code, to create it via tmpfiles.d(5) fragments during boot, or
via the StateDirectory= and RuntimeDirectory= directives of
service units (see systemd.unit(5) for details).
/tmp/, /var/tmp/ and /dev/shm/ should be mounted nosuid and
nodev, which means that set-user-id mode and character or block
special devices are not interpreted on those file systems. In
general it is not possible to mount them noexec, because various
programs use those directories for dynamically generated or
optimized code, and with that flag those use cases would break.
Using this flag is OK on special-purpose installations or systems
where all software that may be installed is known and doesn't
require such functionality. See the discussion of
nosuid/nodev/noexec in mount(8) and PROT_EXEC in mmap(2).
Lack of Write Access on Read-Only Systems and during System Recovery
As noted above, some systems operate with the /usr and /etc
hierarchies mounted read-only, possibly only allowing write
access during package upgrades. Other part of the hierarchy are
generally mounted read-write (in particular /var and /var/tmp),
but may be read-only when the kernel remounts the file system
read-only in response to errors, or when the system is booted
read-only for recovery purposes. To the extent reasonable,
applications should be prepared to execute without write access,
so that for example, failure to save non-essential data to
/var/cache/ or failure to create a custom log file under /var/log
does not prevent the application from running.
The /run/ directory is available since the earliest boot and is
always writable. It should be used for any runtime data and
sockets, so that write access to e.g. /etc or /var is not
needed.
Unix file systems support different types of file nodes,
including regular files, directories, symlinks, character and
block device nodes, sockets and FIFOs.
It is strongly recommended that /dev/ is the only location below
which device nodes shall be placed. Similarly, /run/ shall be the
only location to place sockets and FIFOs. Regular files,
directories and symlinks may be used in all directories.
Developers of system packages should follow strict rules when
placing their files in the file system. The following table lists
recommended locations for specific types of files supplied by the
vendor.
Table 1. System package vendor files locations
┌───────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ Directory │ Purpose │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /usr/bin/ │ Package executables that │
│ │ shall appear in the │
│ │ $PATH executable search │
│ │ path, compiled for any │
│ │ of the supported │
│ │ architectures compatible │
│ │ with the operating │
│ │ system. It is not │
│ │ recommended to place │
│ │ internal binaries or │
│ │ binaries that are not │
│ │ commonly invoked from │
│ │ the shell in this │
│ │ directory, such as │
│ │ daemon binaries. As this │
│ │ directory is shared with │
│ │ most other packages of │
│ │ the system, special care │
│ │ should be taken to pick │
│ │ unique names for files │
│ │ placed here, that are │
│ │ unlikely to clash with │
│ │ other package's files. │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /usr/lib/arch-id/ │ Public shared libraries │
│ │ of the package. As │
│ │ above, be careful with │
│ │ using too generic names, │
│ │ and pick unique names │
│ │ for your libraries to │
│ │ place here to avoid name │
│ │ clashes. │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /usr/lib/package/ │ Private static vendor │
│ │ resources of the │
│ │ package, including │
│ │ private binaries and │
│ │ libraries, or any other │
│ │ kind of read-only vendor │
│ │ data. │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /usr/lib/arch-id/package/ │ Private other vendor │
│ │ resources of the package │
│ │ that are │
│ │ architecture-specific │
│ │ and cannot be shared │
│ │ between architectures. │
│ │ Note that this generally │
│ │ does not include private │
│ │ executables since │
│ │ binaries of a specific │
│ │ architecture may be │
│ │ freely invoked from any │
│ │ other supported system │
│ │ architecture. │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /usr/include/package/ │ Public C/C++ APIs of │
│ │ public shared libraries │
│ │ of the package. │
└───────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
Additional static vendor files may be installed in the
/usr/share/ hierarchy to the locations defined by the various
relevant specifications.
The following directories shall be used by the package for local
configuration and files created during runtime:
Table 2. System package variable files locations
┌─────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ Directory │ Purpose │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /etc/package/ │ System-specific │
│ │ configuration for the │
│ │ package. It is │
│ │ recommended to default │
│ │ to safe fallbacks if │
│ │ this configuration is │
│ │ missing, if this is │
│ │ possible. Alternatively, │
│ │ a tmpfiles.d(5) fragment │
│ │ may be used to copy or │
│ │ symlink the necessary │
│ │ files and directories │
│ │ from /usr/share/factory/ │
│ │ during boot, via the "L" │
│ │ or "C" directives. │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /run/package/ │ Runtime data for the │
│ │ package. Packages must │
│ │ be able to create the │
│ │ necessary subdirectories │
│ │ in this tree on their │
│ │ own, since the directory │
│ │ is flushed automatically │
│ │ on boot. Alternatively, │
│ │ a tmpfiles.d(5) fragment │
│ │ may be used to create │
│ │ the necessary │
│ │ directories during boot, │
│ │ or the RuntimeDirectory= │
│ │ directive of service │
│ │ units may be used to │
│ │ create them at service │
│ │ startup (see │
│ │ systemd.unit(5) for │
│ │ details). │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /run/log/package/ │ Runtime log data for the │
│ │ package. As above, the │
│ │ package needs to make │
│ │ sure to create this │
│ │ directory if necessary, │
│ │ as it will be flushed on │
│ │ every boot. │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /var/cache/package/ │ Persistent cache data of │
│ │ the package. If this │
│ │ directory is flushed, │
│ │ the application should │
│ │ work correctly on next │
│ │ invocation, though │
│ │ possibly slowed down due │
│ │ to the need to rebuild │
│ │ any local cache files. │
│ │ The application must be │
│ │ capable of recreating │
│ │ this directory should it │
│ │ be missing and │
│ │ necessary. To create an │
│ │ empty directory, a │
│ │ tmpfiles.d(5) fragment │
│ │ or the CacheDirectory= │
│ │ directive of service │
│ │ units (see │
│ │ systemd.unit(5)) may be │
│ │ used. │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /var/lib/package/ │ Persistent private data │
│ │ of the package. This is │
│ │ the primary place to put │
│ │ persistent data that │
│ │ does not fall into the │
│ │ other categories listed. │
│ │ Packages should be able │
│ │ to create the necessary │
│ │ subdirectories in this │
│ │ tree on their own, since │
│ │ the directory might be │
│ │ missing on boot. To │
│ │ create an empty │
│ │ directory, a │
│ │ tmpfiles.d(5) fragment │
│ │ or the StateDirectory= │
│ │ directive of service │
│ │ units (see │
│ │ systemd.unit(5)) may be │
│ │ used. │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /var/log/package/ │ Persistent log data of │
│ │ the package. As above, │
│ │ the package should make │
│ │ sure to create this │
│ │ directory if necessary, │
│ │ possibly using │
│ │ tmpfiles.d(5) or │
│ │ LogsDirectory= (see │
│ │ systemd.exec(5)), as it │
│ │ might be missing. │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ /var/spool/package/ │ Persistent spool/queue │
│ │ data of the package. As │
│ │ above, the package │
│ │ should make sure to │
│ │ create this directory if │
│ │ necessary, as it might │
│ │ be missing. │
└─────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
Programs running in user context should follow strict rules when
placing their own files in the user's home directory. The
following table lists recommended locations in the home directory
for specific types of files supplied by the vendor if the
application is installed in the home directory. (User
applications installed system-wide are covered by the rules
outlined above for vendor files.)
Table 3. Vendor package file locations under the home directory
of the user
┌───────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ Directory │ Purpose │
├───────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ~/.local/bin/ │ Package executables that │
│ │ shall appear in the │
│ │ $PATH executable search │
│ │ path. It is not │
│ │ recommended to place │
│ │ internal executables or │
│ │ executables that are not │
│ │ commonly invoked from │
│ │ the shell in this │
│ │ directory, such as │
│ │ daemon executables. As │
│ │ this directory is shared │
│ │ with most other packages │
│ │ of the user, special │
│ │ care should be taken to │
│ │ pick unique names for │
│ │ files placed here, that │
│ │ are unlikely to clash │
│ │ with other package's │
│ │ files. │
├───────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ~/.local/lib/arch-id/ │ Public shared libraries │
│ │ of the package. As │
│ │ above, be careful with │
│ │ using overly generic │
│ │ names, and pick unique │
│ │ names for your libraries │
│ │ to place here to avoid │
│ │ name clashes. │
├───────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ~/.local/lib/package/ │ Private, static vendor │
│ │ resources of the │
│ │ package, compatible with │
│ │ any architecture, or any │
│ │ other kind of read-only │
│ │ vendor data. │
├───────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ~/.local/lib/arch-id/package/ │ Private other vendor │
│ │ resources of the package │
│ │ that are │
│ │ architecture-specific │
│ │ and cannot be shared │
│ │ between architectures. │
└───────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
Additional static vendor files may be installed in the
~/.local/share/ hierarchy, mirroring the subdirectories specified
in the section "Vendor-supplied operating system resources"
above.
The following directories shall be used by the package for
per-user local configuration and files created during runtime:
Table 4. User package variable file locations
┌───────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ Directory │ Purpose │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ~/.config/package/ │ User-specific │
│ │ configuration and state │
│ │ for the package. It is │
│ │ required to default to │
│ │ safe fallbacks if this │
│ │ configuration is │
│ │ missing. │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/package/ │ User runtime data for │
│ │ the package. │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ ~/.cache/package/ │ Persistent cache data of │
│ │ the package. If this │
│ │ directory is flushed, │
│ │ the application should │
│ │ work correctly on next │
│ │ invocation, though │
│ │ possibly slowed down due │
│ │ to the need to rebuild │
│ │ any local cache files. │
│ │ The application must be │
│ │ capable of recreating │
│ │ this directory should it │
│ │ be missing and │
│ │ necessary. │
└───────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
systemd(1), hier(7), systemd-path(1),
systemd-gpt-auto-generator(8), sysctl.d(5), tmpfiles.d(5),
pkg-config(1), systemd.unit(5)
1. File System Hierarchy
http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs-3.0.html
2. XDG Base Directory Specification
https://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html
3. XDG User Directories
https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/xdg-user-dirs
4. IEEE Std 1003.1
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap08.html#tag_08_03
5. Using /tmp/ and /var/tmp/ Safely
https://systemd.io/TEMPORARY_DIRECTORIES
6. Multiarch Architecture Specifiers (Tuples)
https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/Tuples
This page is part of the systemd (systemd system and service
manager) project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd⟩. If you have
a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/#bugreports⟩.
This page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git⟩ on 2024-06-14. (At that
time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
repository was 2024-06-13.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
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corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
systemd 257~devel FILE-HIERARCHY(7)
Pages that refer to this page: systemd-path(1), daemon(7), hier(7), systemd.directives(7), systemd.index(7)
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