tracepath(8) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | OUTPUT | HANDLING ERRORS | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | SECURITY | AVAILABILITY | COLOPHON

TRACEPATH(8)                     iputils                    TRACEPATH(8)

NAME         top

       tracepath - traces path to a network host discovering MTU along
       this path

SYNOPSIS         top


       tracepath [-4] [-6] [-n] [-b] [-l pktlen] [-m max_hops] [-p port]
                 [-V] {destination}

DESCRIPTION         top

       It traces the network path to destination discovering MTU along
       this path. It uses UDP port port or some random port. It is
       similar to traceroute. However, it does not require superuser
       privileges and has no fancy options.

       tracepath -6 is a good replacement for traceroute6 and classic
       example of application of Linux error queues. The situation with
       IPv4 is worse, because commercial IP routers do not return enough
       information in ICMP error messages. Probably, it will change,
       when they are updated. For now it uses Van Jacobson's trick,
       sweeping a range of UDP ports to maintain trace history.

OPTIONS         top

       -4
           Use IPv4 only.

       -6
           Use IPv6 only.

       -n
           Print primarily IP addresses numerically.

       -b
           Print both: Host names and IP addresses.

       -l
           Sets the initial packet length to pktlen instead of 65535 for
           IPv4 or 128000 for IPv6.

       -m
           Set maximum hops (or maximum TTLs) to max_hops instead of 30.

       -p
           Sets the initial destination port to use.

       -V
           Print version and exit.

OUTPUT         top

           root@mops:~ # tracepath -6 3ffe:2400:0:109::2
            1?: [LOCALHOST]                              pmtu 1500
            1:  dust.inr.ac.ru                   0.411ms
            2:  dust.inr.ac.ru        asymm  1   0.390ms pmtu 1480
            2:  3ffe:2400:0:109::2               463.514ms reached
                Resume: pmtu 1480 hops 2 back 2

       The first column shows the TTL of the probe, followed by colon.
       Usually the value of TTL is obtained from the reply from the
       network, but sometimes it does not contain the necessary
       information and we have to guess it. In this case the number is
       followed by ?.

       The second column shows the network hop which replied to the
       probe. It is either the address of the router or the word
       [LOCALHOST], if the probe was not sent to the network.

       The rest of the line shows miscellaneous information about the
       path to the corresponding network hop. It contains the value of
       RTT, and additionally it can show Path MTU when it changes. If
       the path is asymmetric or the probe finishes before it reaches
       the prescribed hop, the number of hops in return direction is
       shown next to the keyword "asymm". This information is not
       reliable, e.g. the third line shows asymmetry of 1. This is
       because the first probe with TTL of 2 was rejected at the first
       hop due to Path MTU Discovery.

       The last line summarizes information about all the paths to the
       destination. It shows detected Path MTU, amount of hops to the
       destination and our guess about the number of hops from the
       destination to us, which can be different when the path is
       asymmetric.

HANDLING ERRORS         top

       In case of errors tracepath prints short error code.
       ┌─────────────┬──────────────┬────────────────────┐
       │ Output      Code         Meaning            │
       ├─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────────┤
       │ !A          EACCES       Communication      │
       │             │              │ administratively   │
       │             │              │ prohibited         │
       ├─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────────┤
       │ !H          EHOSTUNREACH Destination host   │
       │             │              │ unreachable        │
       ├─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────────┤
       │ !N          ENETUNREACH  Destination        │
       │             │              │ network            │
       │             │              │ unreachable        │
       ├─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────────┤
       │ !P          EPROTO       Destination        │
       │             │              │ protocol           │
       │             │              │ unreachable        │
       ├─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────────┤
       │ pmtu N      EMSGSIZE     Message too long   │
       ├─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────────┤
       │ reached     ECONNREFUSED Connection refused │
       ├─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────────┤
       │             │ ETIMEDOUT    Connection timed   │
       │             │              │ out                │
       ├─────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────────┤
       │ NET ERROR N │              │ Any other error    │
       └─────────────┴──────────────┴────────────────────┘

SEE ALSO         top

       traceroute(8), traceroute6(8), ping(8).

AUTHOR         top

       tracepath was written by Alexey Kuznetsov <kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru>.

SECURITY         top

       No security issues.

       This lapidary deserves to be elaborated.  tracepath is not a
       privileged program, unlike traceroute, ping and other beasts of
       their kind.  tracepath may be executed by everyone who has enough
       access to the network to send UDP datagrams to the desired
       destination using the given port.

AVAILABILITY         top

       tracepath is part of iputils package.

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the iputils (IP utilities) project.
       Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/⟩.  If you have a bug report for
       this manual page, send it to yoshfuji@skbuff.net,
       netdev@vger.kernel.org.  This page was obtained from the
       project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://github.com/iputils/iputils.git⟩ on 2024-06-14.  (At that
       time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
       repository was 2024-06-10.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       man-pages@man7.org

iputils 20240117                                            TRACEPATH(8)

Pages that refer to this page: ip(7)arping(8)clockdiff(8)