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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | HISTORY | PORTABILITY | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
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curs_printw(3X) curs_printw(3X)
printw, wprintw, mvprintw, mvwprintw, vwprintw, vw_printw - print
formatted output in curses windows
#include <curses.h>
int printw(const char *fmt, ...);
int wprintw(WINDOW *win, const char *fmt, ...);
int mvprintw(int y, int x, const char *fmt, ...);
int mvwprintw(WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const char *fmt, ...);
int vw_printw(WINDOW *win, const char *fmt, va_list varglist);
/* obsolete */
int vwprintw(WINDOW *win, const char *fmt, va_list varglist);
The printw, wprintw, mvprintw and mvwprintw routines are analogous
to printf [see printf(3)]. In effect, the string that would be
output by printf is output instead as though waddstr were used on
the given window.
The vwprintw and vw_printw routines are analogous to vprintf [see
printf(3)] and perform a wprintw using a variable argument list.
The third argument is a va_list, a pointer to a list of arguments,
as defined in <stdarg.h>.
Routines that return an integer return ERR upon failure and OK
(SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than ERR") upon suc‐
cessful completion.
X/Open defines no error conditions. In this implementation, an
error may be returned if it cannot allocate enough memory for the
buffer used to format the results. It will return an error if the
window pointer is null.
Functions with a “mv” prefix first perform a cursor movement using
wmove, and return an error if the position is outside the window,
or if the window pointer is null.
While printw was implemented in 4BSD, it was unused until 4.2BSD
(which used it in games). That early version of curses was before
the ANSI C standard. It did not use <varargs.h>, though that was
available. In 1991 (a couple of years after SVr4 was generally
available, and after the C standard was published), other develop‐
ers updated the library, using <stdarg.h> internally in 4.4BSD
curses. Even with this improvement, BSD curses did not use func‐
tion prototypes (or even declare functions) in the <curses.h>
header until 1992.
SVr2 documented printw, wprintw tersely as “printf on stdscr” and
tersely as “printf on win”, respectively.
SVr3 added mvprintw, and mvwprintw, with a three-line summary say‐
ing that they were analogous to printf(3), explaining that the
string which would be output from printf(3) would instead be out‐
put using waddstr on the given window. SVr3 also added vwprintw,
saying that the third parameter is a va_list, defined in
<varargs.h>, and referring the reader to the manual pages for
varargs and vprintf for detailed descriptions.
SVr4 added no new variations of printw, but provided for using
<varargs.h> or <stdarg.h> to define the va_list type.
X/Open Curses added vw_printw to replace vwprintw, stating that
its va_list definition requires <stdarg.h>.
In this implementation, vw_printw and vwprintw are equivalent, to
support legacy applications. However, the latter (vwprintw) is
obsolete:
• The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 described these functions.
The function vwprintw is marked TO BE WITHDRAWN, and is to be
replaced by a function vw_printw using the <stdarg.h> inter‐
face.
• The Single Unix Specification, Version 2 states that vw_printw
is preferred to vwprintw since the latter requires including
<varargs.h>, which cannot be used in the same file as
<stdarg.h>. This implementation uses <stdarg.h> for both, be‐
cause that header is included in <curses.h>.
• X/Open Curses, Issue 5 (December 2007) marked vwprintw (along
with vwscanw and the termcap interface) as withdrawn.
curses(3X), curs_addstr(3X), curs_scanw(3X), curs_termcap(3X),
printf(3), vprintf(3).
This page is part of the ncurses (new curses) project. Informa‐
tion about the project can be found at
⟨https://www.gnu.org/software/ncurses/ncurses.html⟩. If you have a
bug report for this manual page, send it to
bug-ncurses-request@gnu.org. This page was obtained from the
project's upstream Git mirror of the CVS repository
⟨https://github.com/mirror/ncurses.git⟩ on 2025-02-02. (At that
time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
repository was 2023-03-12.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is
a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
curs_printw(3X)
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HTML rendering created 2025-02-02 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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