|
HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
|
|
NAME | LIBRARY | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | ATTRIBUTES | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
|
|
|
matherr(3) Library Functions Manual matherr(3)
matherr - SVID math library exception handling
Math library (libm, -lm)
#include <math.h>
[[deprecated]] int matherr(struct exception *exc);
[[deprecated]] extern _LIB_VERSION_TYPE _LIB_VERSION;
Note: the mechanism described in this page is no longer supported
by glibc. Before glibc 2.27, it had been marked as obsolete.
Since glibc 2.27, the mechanism has been removed altogether. New
applications should use the techniques described in math_error(7)
and fenv(3). This page documents the matherr() mechanism as an
aid for maintaining and porting older applications.
The System V Interface Definition (SVID) specifies that various
math functions should invoke a function called matherr() if a math
exception is detected. This function is called before the math
function returns; after matherr() returns, the system then returns
to the math function, which in turn returns to the caller.
To employ matherr(), the programmer must define the _SVID_SOURCE
feature test macro (before including any header files), and assign
the value _SVID_ to the external variable _LIB_VERSION.
The system provides a default version of matherr(). This version
does nothing, and returns zero (see below for the significance of
this). The default matherr() can be overridden by a programmer-
defined version, which will be invoked when an exception occurs.
The function is invoked with one argument, a pointer to an
exception structure, defined as follows:
struct exception {
int type; /* Exception type */
char *name; /* Name of function causing exception */
double arg1; /* 1st argument to function */
double arg2; /* 2nd argument to function */
double retval; /* Function return value */
}
The type field has one of the following values:
DOMAIN A domain error occurred (the function argument was outside
the range for which the function is defined). The return
value depends on the function; errno is set to EDOM.
SING A pole error occurred (the function result is an infinity).
The return value in most cases is HUGE (the largest single
precision floating-point number), appropriately signed. In
most cases, errno is set to EDOM.
OVERFLOW
An overflow occurred. In most cases, the value HUGE is
returned, and errno is set to ERANGE.
UNDERFLOW
An underflow occurred. 0.0 is returned, and errno is set
to ERANGE.
TLOSS Total loss of significance. 0.0 is returned, and errno is
set to ERANGE.
PLOSS Partial loss of significance. This value is unused on
glibc (and many other systems).
The arg1 and arg2 fields are the arguments supplied to the
function (arg2 is undefined for functions that take only one
argument).
The retval field specifies the return value that the math function
will return to its caller. The programmer-defined matherr() can
modify this field to change the return value of the math function.
If the matherr() function returns zero, then the system sets errno
as described above, and may print an error message on standard
error (see below).
If the matherr() function returns a nonzero value, then the system
does not set errno, and doesn't print an error message.
Math functions that employ matherr()
The table below lists the functions and circumstances in which
matherr() is called. The "Type" column indicates the value
assigned to exc->type when calling matherr(). The "Result" column
is the default return value assigned to exc->retval.
The "Msg?" and "errno" columns describe the default behavior if
matherr() returns zero. If the "Msg?" columns contains "y", then
the system prints an error message on standard error.
The table uses the following notations and abbreviations:
x first argument to function
y second argument to function
fin finite value for argument
neg negative value for argument
int integral value for argument
o/f result overflowed
u/f result underflowed
|x| absolute value of x
X_TLOSS is a constant defined in <math.h>
Function Type Result Msg? errno
acos(|x|>1) DOMAIN HUGE y EDOM
asin(|x|>1) DOMAIN HUGE y EDOM
atan2(0,0) DOMAIN HUGE y EDOM
acosh(x<1) DOMAIN NAN y EDOM
atanh(|x|>1) DOMAIN NAN y EDOM
atanh(|x|==1) SING (x>0.0)? y EDOM
HUGE_VAL :
-HUGE_VAL
cosh(fin) o/f OVERFLOW HUGE n ERANGE
sinh(fin) o/f OVERFLOW (x>0.0) ? n ERANGE
HUGE : -HUGE
sqrt(x<0) DOMAIN 0.0 y EDOM
hypot(fin,fin) o/f OVERFLOW HUGE n ERANGE
exp(fin) o/f OVERFLOW HUGE n ERANGE
exp(fin) u/f UNDERFLOW 0.0 n ERANGE
exp2(fin) o/f OVERFLOW HUGE n ERANGE
exp2(fin) u/f UNDERFLOW 0.0 n ERANGE
exp10(fin) o/f OVERFLOW HUGE n ERANGE
exp10(fin) u/f UNDERFLOW 0.0 n ERANGE
j0(|x|>X_TLOSS) TLOSS 0.0 y ERANGE
j1(|x|>X_TLOSS) TLOSS 0.0 y ERANGE
jn(|x|>X_TLOSS) TLOSS 0.0 y ERANGE
y0(x>X_TLOSS) TLOSS 0.0 y ERANGE
y1(x>X_TLOSS) TLOSS 0.0 y ERANGE
yn(x>X_TLOSS) TLOSS 0.0 y ERANGE
y0(0) DOMAIN -HUGE y EDOM
y0(x<0) DOMAIN -HUGE y EDOM
y1(0) DOMAIN -HUGE y EDOM
y1(x<0) DOMAIN -HUGE y EDOM
yn(n,0) DOMAIN -HUGE y EDOM
yn(x<0) DOMAIN -HUGE y EDOM
lgamma(fin) o/f OVERFLOW HUGE n ERANGE
lgamma(-int) or SING HUGE y EDOM
lgamma(0)
tgamma(fin) o/f OVERFLOW HUGE_VAL n ERANGE
tgamma(-int) SING NAN y EDOM
tgamma(0) SING copysign( y ERANGE
HUGE_VAL,x)
log(0) SING -HUGE y EDOM
log(x<0) DOMAIN -HUGE y EDOM
log2(0) SING -HUGE n EDOM
log2(x<0) DOMAIN -HUGE n EDOM
log10(0) SING -HUGE y EDOM
log10(x<0) DOMAIN -HUGE y EDOM
pow(0.0,0.0) DOMAIN 0.0 y EDOM
pow(x,y) o/f OVERFLOW HUGE n ERANGE
pow(x,y) u/f UNDERFLOW 0.0 n ERANGE
pow(NaN,0.0) DOMAIN x n EDOM
0**neg DOMAIN 0.0 y EDOM
neg**non-int DOMAIN 0.0 y EDOM
scalb() o/f OVERFLOW (x>0.0) ? n ERANGE
HUGE_VAL :
-HUGE_VAL
scalb() u/f UNDERFLOW copysign( n ERANGE
0.0,x)
fmod(x,0) DOMAIN x y EDOM
remainder(x,0) DOMAIN NAN y EDOM
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
attributes(7).
┌──────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
│ Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├──────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
│ matherr() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
└──────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
The example program demonstrates the use of matherr() when calling
log(3). The program takes up to three command-line arguments.
The first argument is the floating-point number to be given to
log(3). If the optional second argument is provided, then
_LIB_VERSION is set to _SVID_ so that matherr() is called, and the
integer supplied in the command-line argument is used as the
return value from matherr(). If the optional third command-line
argument is supplied, then it specifies an alternative return
value that matherr() should assign as the return value of the math
function.
The following example run, where log(3) is given an argument of
0.0, does not use matherr():
$ ./a.out 0.0
errno: Numerical result out of range
x=-inf
In the following run, matherr() is called, and returns 0:
$ ./a.out 0.0 0
matherr SING exception in log() function
args: 0.000000, 0.000000
retval: -340282346638528859811704183484516925440.000000
log: SING error
errno: Numerical argument out of domain
x=-340282346638528859811704183484516925440.000000
The message "log: SING error" was printed by the C library.
In the following run, matherr() is called, and returns a nonzero
value:
$ ./a.out 0.0 1
matherr SING exception in log() function
args: 0.000000, 0.000000
retval: -340282346638528859811704183484516925440.000000
x=-340282346638528859811704183484516925440.000000
In this case, the C library did not print a message, and errno was
not set.
In the following run, matherr() is called, changes the return
value of the math function, and returns a nonzero value:
$ ./a.out 0.0 1 12345.0
matherr SING exception in log() function
args: 0.000000, 0.000000
retval: -340282346638528859811704183484516925440.000000
x=12345.000000
Program source
#define _SVID_SOURCE
#include <errno.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
static int matherr_ret = 0; /* Value that matherr()
should return */
static int change_retval = 0; /* Should matherr() change
function's return value? */
static double new_retval; /* New function return value */
int
matherr(struct exception *exc)
{
fprintf(stderr, "matherr %s exception in %s() function\n",
(exc->type == DOMAIN) ? "DOMAIN" :
(exc->type == OVERFLOW) ? "OVERFLOW" :
(exc->type == UNDERFLOW) ? "UNDERFLOW" :
(exc->type == SING) ? "SING" :
(exc->type == TLOSS) ? "TLOSS" :
(exc->type == PLOSS) ? "PLOSS" : "???",
exc->name);
fprintf(stderr, " args: %f, %f\n",
exc->arg1, exc->arg2);
fprintf(stderr, " retval: %f\n", exc->retval);
if (change_retval)
exc->retval = new_retval;
return matherr_ret;
}
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
double x;
if (argc < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <argval>"
" [<matherr-ret> [<new-func-retval>]]\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (argc > 2) {
_LIB_VERSION = _SVID_;
matherr_ret = atoi(argv[2]);
}
if (argc > 3) {
change_retval = 1;
new_retval = atof(argv[3]);
}
x = log(atof(argv[1]));
if (errno != 0)
perror("errno");
printf("x=%f\n", x);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
fenv(3), math_error(7), standards(7)
This page is part of the man-pages (Linux kernel and C library
user-space interface documentation) project. Information about
the project can be found at
⟨https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/⟩. If you have a bug report
for this manual page, see
⟨https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/docs/man-pages/man-pages.git/tree/CONTRIBUTING⟩.
This page was obtained from the tarball man-pages-6.15.tar.gz
fetched from
⟨https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/man-pages/⟩ on
2025-08-11. If you discover any rendering problems in this HTML
version of the page, or you believe there is a better or more up-
to-date source for the page, or you have corrections or
improvements to the information in this COLOPHON (which is not
part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
Linux man-pages 6.15 2025-05-17 matherr(3)
Pages that refer to this page: math_error(7)
|
HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
|