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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | DISSECTION OPTIONS | DIAGNOSTIC OPTIONS | FILES | OUTPUT | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | SEE ALSO | NOTES | AUTHORS |
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STRATO(1) STRATO(1)
strato - Dump and analyze system calls and event logs
strato [ -i <capture source>|- ] [ -f <capture filter> ] [ -2 ] [
-r <infile> ] [ -w <outfile>|- ] [ options ] [ <filter> ]
strato -h|--help
strato -v|--version
strato is a system call and log analyzer. It lets you capture
system call and log events from a live source, or read events from
a previously saved capture file, either printing a decoded form of
those events to the standard output or writing the packets to a
file. strato's native capture file format is scap format, which is
also the format used by Stratoshark, Falco, sysdig and various
other tools.
Without any options set, strato will work much like sysdig. It
will use the libscap and libsinsp to capture traffic from the
first available source and displays a summary line on the standard
output for each received packet.
When run with the -r option, specifying a capture file from which
to read, strato will again work much like sysdig, reading packets
from the file and displaying a summary line on the standard output
for each packet read. strato is able to detect, read and write the
same capture files that are supported by Stratoshark. The input
file doesn’t need a specific filename extension; the file format
and an optional gzip, Zstandard, or LZ4 compression will be
automatically detected. Near the beginning of the DESCRIPTION
section of wireshark(1) or
https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/wireshark.html is a
detailed description of the way Wireshark handles this, which is
the same way strato handles this.
Compressed file support uses (and therefore requires) the zlib
library. If the zlib library is not present when compiling strato,
it will be possible to compile it, but the resulting program will
be unable to read compressed files. Similarly, LZ4 and ZStandard
also require their respective libraries.
When displaying events on the standard output, strato writes, by
default, a summary line containing the fields specified by the
preferences file (which are also the fields displayed in the
packet list pane in Wireshark), although if it’s writing packets
as it captures them, rather than writing packets from a saved
capture file, it won’t show the "frame number" field. If the -V
option is specified, it instead writes a view of the details of
the packet, showing all the fields of all protocols in the packet.
If the -O option is specified, it will only show the full details
for the protocols specified, and show only the top-level detail
line for all other protocols. Use the output of "strato -G
protocols" to find the abbreviations of the protocols you can
specify. If the -P option is specified with either the -V or -O
options, both the summary line for the entire packet and the
details will be displayed.
Packet capturing is performed with the pcap library. That library
supports specifying a filter expression; packets that don’t match
that filter are discarded. The -f option is used to specify a
capture filter. The syntax of a capture filter is defined by the
pcap library; this syntax is different from the display filter
syntax described below, and the filtering mechanism is limited in
its abilities.
Display filters in strato, which allow you to select which packets
are to be decoded or written to a file, are very powerful; more
fields are filterable in strato than in other protocol analyzers,
and the syntax you can use to create your filters is richer. As
strato progresses, expect more and more protocol fields to be
allowed in display filters. Display filters use the same syntax as
display and color filters in Wireshark; a display filter is
specified with the -Y option.
Display filters can be specified when capturing or when reading
from a capture file. Note that capture filters are much more
efficient than display filters, and it may be more difficult for
strato to keep up with a busy network if a display filter is
specified for a live capture, so you might be more likely to lose
packets if you’re using a display filter.
A capture or display filter can either be specified with the -f or
-Y option, respectively, in which case the entire filter
expression must be specified as a single argument (which means
that if it contains spaces, it must be quoted), or can be
specified with command-line arguments after the option arguments,
in which case all the arguments after the filter arguments are
treated as a filter expression. If the filter is specified with
command-line arguments after the option arguments, it’s a capture
filter if a capture is being done (i.e., if no -r option was
specified) and a display filter if a capture file is being read
(i.e., if a -r option was specified).
If the -w option is specified when capturing packets or reading
from a capture file, strato does not display packets on the
standard output. Instead, it writes the packets to a capture file
with the name specified by the -w option. Note that display
filters are currently not supported when capturing and saving the
captured packets.
If you want to write the decoded form of packets to a file, run
strato without the -w option, and redirect its standard output to
the file (do not use the -w option).
If you want the packets to be displayed to the standard output and
also saved to a file, specify the -P option in addition to the -w
option to have the summary line displayed, specify the -V option
in addition to the -w option to have the details of the packet
displayed, and specify the -O option, with a list of protocols, to
have the full details of the specified protocols and the top-level
detail line for all other protocols to be displayed. If the -P
option is used together with the -V or -O option, the summary line
will be displayed along with the detail lines.
When writing packets to a file, strato, by default, writes the
file in pcapng format, and writes all of the packets it sees to
the output file. The -F option can be used to specify the format
in which to write the file. The list of available file formats is
displayed by the -F option without a value. However, for a live
capture, you can only specify a file format supported by
dumpcap(1), viz. pcapng or pcap. The --compress option can be used
to specify a compression method as well; the list of supported
compression methods for writing can be displayed by the --compress
method without an argument. If the --compress option is not given,
then the desired compression method, if any, is deduced from the
extension of the filename given as argument to the -w option.
When capturing packets, strato writes to the standard error an
initial line listing the interfaces from which packets are being
captured and, if packet information isn’t being displayed to the
terminal, writes a continuous count of packets captured to the
standard output. If the -q option is specified, neither the
continuous count nor the packet information will be displayed;
instead, at the end of the capture, a count of packets captured
will be displayed. If the -Q option is specified, neither the
initial line, nor the packet information, nor any packet counts
will be displayed. If the -q or -Q option is used, the -P, -V, or
-O option can be used to cause the corresponding output to be
displayed even though other output is suppressed.
When reading packets, the -q and -Q option will suppress the
display of the packet summary or details; this would be used if -z
options are specified in order to display statistics, so that only
the statistics, not the packet information, is displayed.
The -G option is a special mode that simply causes strato to dump
one of several types of internal glossaries and then exit.
-2
Perform a two-pass analysis. This causes strato to buffer
output until the entire first pass is done, but allows it to
fill in fields that require future knowledge, such as
'response in frame #' fields. Also permits reassembly frame
dependencies to be calculated correctly. This requires the
ability to seek backwards on the input, and as such cannot be
used with live captures or when reading from a pipe or FIFO.
-a|--autostop <capture autostop condition>
Specify a criterion that specifies when strato is to stop
writing to a capture file. The criterion is of the form
test:value, where test is one of:
duration:value Stop writing to a capture file after value
seconds have elapsed. Floating point values (e.g. 0.5) are
allowed.
files:value Stop writing to capture files after value number
of files were written.
filesize:value Stop writing to a capture file after it reaches
a size of value kB. If this option is used together with the
-b option, strato will stop writing to the current capture
file and switch to the next one if filesize is reached. When
reading a capture file, strato will stop reading the file
after the number of bytes read exceeds this number (the
complete packet will be read, so more bytes than this number
may be read). Note that the filesize is limited to a maximum
value of 2 TB, although you might have problems before then if
the number of packets exceeds exceeds 232 (4294967296).
packets:value switch to the next file after it contains value
packets. This does not include any packets that do not pass
the display filter, so it may differ from -c<capture packet
count>.
-A <user>:<password>
Specify a user and a password when strato captures from a
rpcap:// interface where authentication is required.
This option is available with libpcap with enabled remote
support.
-b|--ring-buffer <capture ring buffer option>
Cause strato to run in "multiple files" mode. In "multiple
files" mode, strato will write to several capture files. When
the first capture file fills up, strato will switch writing to
the next file and so on.
The created filenames are based on the filename given with the
-w option, the number of the file and on the creation date and
time, e.g. outfile_00001_20260714120117.pcap,
outfile_00002_20260714120523.pcap, ...
With the files option it’s also possible to form a "ring
buffer". This will fill up new files until the number of files
specified, at which point strato will discard the data in the
first file and start writing to that file and so on. If the
files option is not set, new files filled up until one of the
capture stop conditions match (or until the disk is full).
The criterion is of the form key:value, where key is one of:
duration:value switch to the next file after value seconds
have elapsed, even if the current file is not completely
filled up. Floating point values (e.g. 0.5) are allowed.
files:value begin again with the first file after value number
of files were written (form a ring buffer). This value must be
less than 100000. Caution should be used when using large
numbers of files: some filesystems do not handle many files in
a single directory well. The files criterion requires either
duration, interval or filesize to be specified to control when
to go to the next file. It should be noted that each -b
parameter takes exactly one criterion; to specify two
criterion, each must be preceded by the -b option.
filesize:value switch to the next file after it reaches a size
of value kB. Note that the filesize is limited to a maximum
value of 2 TB, although you might have problems before then if
the number of packets exceeds exceeds 232 (4294967296).
interval:value switch to the next file when the time is an
exact multiple of value seconds. For example, use 3600 to
switch to a new file every hour on the hour.
packets:value switch to the next file after it contains value
packets.
printname:filename print the name of the most recently written
file to filename after the file is closed. filename can be
stdout or - for standard output, or stderr for standard error.
nametimenum:value Choose between two save filename templates.
If value is 1, make running file number part before start time
part; this is the original and default behaviour (e.g.
log_00001_20260714164426.pcap). If value is greater than 1,
make start time part before running number part (e.g.
log_20210828164426_00001.pcap). The latter makes alphabetical
sorting order equal to creation time order, and keeps related
multiple file sets in same directory close to each other.
Example: strato -b filesize:1000 -b files:5 results in a ring
buffer of five files of size one megabyte each.
-B|--buffer-size <capture buffer size>
Set capture buffer size (in MiB, default is 2 MiB). This is
used by the capture driver to buffer packet data until that
data can be written to disk. If you encounter packet drops
while capturing, try to increase this size. Note that, while
strato attempts to set the buffer size to 2 MiB by default,
and can be told to set it to a larger value, the system or
interface on which you’re capturing might silently limit the
capture buffer size to a lower value or raise it to a higher
value.
This is available on UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux,
macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later,
and on Windows. It is not available on UNIX-compatible systems
with earlier versions of libpcap.
This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
occurrence of the -i option, it sets the default capture
buffer size. If used after an -i option, it sets the capture
buffer size for the interface specified by the last -i option
occurring before this option. If the capture buffer size is
not set specifically, the default capture buffer size is used
instead.
-c <capture packet count>
Set the maximum number of packets to read when capturing live
data. If reading a capture file, set the maximum number of
packets to read. This includes any packets that do not pass
the display filter, so it may differ from -a packets:<capture
packet count>.
-C <configuration profile>
Run with the given configuration profile. If used in
conjunction with --global-profile, then the global profile
with the associated name would be used.
-D|--list-interfaces
Print a list of the interfaces on which strato can capture,
and exit. For each network interface, a number and an
interface name, possibly followed by a text description of the
interface, is printed. The interface name or the number can be
supplied to the -i flag to specify an interface on which to
capture. The number can be useful on Windows systems, where
the interfaces have long names that usually contain a GUID.
-e <field>
Add a field to the list of fields to display if -T
ek|fields|json|pdml is selected. This option can be used
multiple times on the command line. At least one field must be
provided if the -T fields option is selected. Column types may
be used prefixed with "_ws.col." Prefixing the field name with
an at sign (@) will display the data as hex bytes.
Example: strato -T fields -e frame.number -e ip.addr -e udp -e
_ws.col.info
Fields are separated by tab characters by default. -E controls
the format of the printed fields. Giving a protocol rather
than a single field will print the protocol summary (subtree
label) from the packet details as a single field. If the
protocol summary contains only the protocol name (e.g.
"Hypertext Transfer Protocol") then the protocol filter name
("http") will be printed.
-E <field print option>
Set an option controlling the printing of fields when -T
fields is selected.
Options are:
bom=y|n If y, prepend output with the UTF-8 byte order mark
(hexadecimal ef, bb, bf). Defaults to n.
header=y|n If y, print a list of the field names given using
-e as the first line of the output; the field name will be
separated using the same character as the field values.
Defaults to n.
separator=/t|/s|<character> Set the separator character to use
for fields. If /t tab will be used (this is the default), if
/s, a single space will be used. Otherwise any character that
can be accepted by the command line as part of the option may
be used.
occurrence=f|l|a Select which occurrence to use for fields
that have multiple occurrences. If f the first occurrence will
be used, if l the last occurrence will be used and if a all
occurrences will be used (this is the default).
aggregator=,|/s|<character> Set the aggregator character to
use for fields that have multiple occurrences. If , a comma
will be used (this is the default), if /s, a single space will
be used. Otherwise any character that can be accepted by the
command line as part of the option may be used.
quote=d|s|n Set the quote character to use to surround fields.
d uses double-quotes, s single-quotes, n no quotes (the
default). If the quote character appears in a field value, it
will be escaped by being duplicated.
escape=y|n If y, the whitespace control characters (tab, line
feed, carriage return, form feed, and vertical tab) backspace,
and the backslash will be replaced in field values by C-style
escapes, e.g. "\n" for line feed. If n, field value strings
will be printed as-is. Defaults to y.
-f <capture filter>
Set the capture filter expression.
This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
occurrence of the -i option, it sets the default capture
filter expression. If used after an -i option, it sets the
capture filter expression for the interface specified by the
last -i option occurring before this option. If the capture
filter expression is not set specifically, the default capture
filter expression is used if provided.
Pre-defined capture filter names, as shown in the GUI menu
item Capture→Capture Filters, can be used by prefixing the
argument with "predef:". Example: strato -f
"predef:MyPredefinedHostOnlyFilter"
-F <file format>
Set the file format of the output capture file written using
the -w option. The output written with the -w option is raw
packet data, not text, so there is no -F option to request
text output. The option -F without a value will list the
available formats. The default is the pcapng format (unless
the default has been changed in preferences.) .
-g
This option causes the output file(s) to be created with
group-read permission (meaning that the output file(s) can be
read by other members of the calling user’s group).
-G <report type>
The -G option will cause strato to dump one of several types
of glossaries and then exit. The glossary type is now
mandatory; previous versions generated the fields report by
default when no type was given. With one exception, the
reports reflect the current configuration, including that
given by a -C option or as modified by other command line
options. Using the report type of help lists all the current
report types.
The available report types include:
column-formats Dumps the column formats understood by strato.
There is one record per line. The fields are tab-delimited.
Field 1
format string (e.g. "%rD")
Field 2
text description of format string (e.g. "Dest port
(resolved)")
Field 3
field abbreviation used for the column text (e.g.
"_ws.col.res_dst_port")
This report is followed by a usage example that demonstrates
how to change the columns by overriding the gui.column.format
preference value with -o.
currentprefs Dumps a copy of the current preferences file to
stdout.
decodes Dumps the "layer type"/"decode as" associations to
stdout. There is one record per line. The fields are
tab-delimited.
Field 1
layer type, e.g. "tcp.port"
Field 2
selector in decimal
Field 3
"decode as" name, e.g. "http"
defaultprefs Dumps a default preferences file to stdout. This
report is unaffected by other command line arguments.
dissectors Dumps a list of registered dissectors to stdout.
There is one record per line. The fields are tab-delimited.
Field 1
dissector name
Field 2
dissector description
dissector-tables Dumps a list of dissector tables to stdout.
There is one record per line. The fields are tab-delimited.
Field 1
dissector table name, e.g. "tcp.port"
Field 2
name used for the dissector table in the GUI
Field 3
type (textual representation of the ftenum type, or
"heuristic")
Field 4
base for display (for integer types)
Field 5
protocol name
Field 6
"decode as" support (for non-heuristic tables)
elastic-mapping[,filter] Dumps the ElasticSearch mapping file
to stdout. Fields falling in the default case (string) won’t
be mapped.
filter is an optional list of comma separated protocol filter
names that limits the generated mapping file to the specified
protocols, to avoid a huge mapping file that can choke some
software (such as Kibana). E.g.,
strago -G elastic-mapping,ip,udp,dns
enterprises Dumps the IANA Private Enterprise Number (PEN)
table.
fieldcount Dumps the number of header fields to stdout.
fields[,prefix] Dumps the contents of the registration
database to stdout. An independent program can take this
output and format it into nice tables or HTML or whatever.
There is one record per line. Each record is either a protocol
or a header field, differentiated by the first field. The
fields are tab-delimited.
Protocols
Field 1
'P'
Field 2
descriptive protocol name
Field 3
protocol abbreviation
Header Fields
Field 1
'F'
Field 2
descriptive field name
Field 3
field abbreviation
Field 4
type (textual representation of the ftenum type)
Field 5
parent protocol abbreviation
Field 6
base for display (for integer types); "parent bitfield
width" for FT_BOOLEAN
Field 7
bitmask: format: hex: 0x....
Field 8
blurb describing field
An optional search prefix argument can be given to fields, in
which case the output is limited to protocols and fields whose
abbreviation starts with the search prefix.
Search Output
Field 1
protocol or field abbreviation
Field 2
descriptive protocol or field name
folders Dumps various folders used by strato. This is
essentially the same data reported in Wireshark’s About |
Folders tab. There is one record per line. The fields are
tab-delimited.
Field 1
Folder type (e.g "Personal configuration:")
Field 2
Folder location (e.g. "/home/vagrant/.config/wireshark/")
ftypes Dumps the "ftypes" (fundamental types) understood by
strato. There is one record per line. The fields are
tab-delimited.
Field 1
FTYPE (e.g "FT_IPv6")
Field 2
text description of type (e.g. "IPv6 address")
heuristic-decodes Dumps the heuristic decodes currently
installed. There is one record per line. The fields are
tab-delimited.
Field 1
heuristic dissector table name (e.g. "tcp")
Field 2
name of heuristic decoder (e.g. "ucp")
Field 3
heuristic enabled (e.g. "T" or "F")
Field 4
heuristic enabled by default (e.g. "T" or "F")
Field 5
heuristic short name (e.g. "ucp_tcp")
Field 6
heuristic display name (e.g. "UCP over TCP")
help Displays the available report types.
manuf Dumps the MAC address lookup table in manuf format.
plugins Dumps the plugins currently installed. There is one
record per line. The fields are tab-delimited.
Field 1
plugin library/Lua script/extcap executable (e.g.
"gryphon.so")
Field 2
plugin version (e.g. 0.0.4)
Field 3
plugin type ("dissector", "tap", "file type", etc.)
Field 4
full path to plugin file
protocols Dumps the protocols in the registration database to
stdout. An independent program can take this output and format
it into nice tables or HTML or whatever. There is one record
per line. The fields are tab-delimited.
Field 1
protocol name
Field 2
protocol short name
Field 3
protocol filter name
Field 4
protocol enabled (e.g. "T" or "F")
Field 5
protocol enabled by default (e.g. "T" or "F")
Field 6
protocol can toggle (e.g. "T" or "F")
services Dumps the TCP, UDP, and SCTP transport service (port)
table.
values Dumps the value_strings, range_strings or true/false
strings for fields that have them. There is one record per
line. Fields are tab-delimited. There are three types of
records: Value String, Range String and True/False String. The
first field, 'V', 'R' or 'T', indicates the type of record.
Value Strings
Field 1
'V'
Field 2
field abbreviation to which this value string corresponds
Field 3
Integer value
Field 4
String
Range Strings
Field 1
'R'
Field 2
field abbreviation to which this range string corresponds
Field 3
Integer value: lower bound
Field 4
Integer value: upper bound
Field 5
String
True/False Strings
Field 1
'T'
Field 2
field abbreviation to which this true/false string
corresponds
Field 3
True String
Field 4
False String
-h|--help
Print the version number and options and exit.
-H <input hosts file>
Read a list of entries from a "hosts" file, which will then be
written to a capture file. Implies -W n. Can be called
multiple times.
The "hosts" file format is documented at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file).
-i|--interface <capture interface> | -
Set the name of the network interface or pipe to use for live
packet capture.
Network interface names should match one of the names listed
in "strato -D" (described above); a number, as reported by
"strato -D", can also be used.
If no interface is specified, strato searches the list of
interfaces, choosing the first non-loopback interface if there
are any non-loopback interfaces, and choosing the first
loopback interface if there are no non-loopback interfaces. If
there are no interfaces at all, strato reports an error and
doesn’t start the capture.
Pipe names should be either the name of a FIFO (named pipe) or
"-" to read data from the standard input. On Windows systems,
pipe names must be of the form "\\.\pipe\pipename". Data read
from pipes must be in standard pcapng or pcap format. Pcapng
data must have the same endianness as the capturing host.
"TCP@<host>:<port>" causes strato to attempt to connect to the
specified port on the specified host and read pcapng or pcap
data.
This option can occur multiple times. When capturing from
multiple interfaces, the capture file will be saved in pcapng
format.
-j <protocol match filter>
Protocol match filter used for ek|json|jsonraw|pdml output
file types. Only the protocol’s parent node is included. Child
nodes are only included if explicitly specified in the filter.
Example: strato -T json -j "ip ip.flags http"
-J <protocol match filter>
Protocol top level filter used for ek|json|jsonraw|pdml output
file types. The protocol’s parent node and all child nodes are
included. Lower-level protocols must be explicitly specified
in the filter.
Example: strato -T pdml -J "tcp http"
-l
Flush the standard output after the information for each
packet is printed. (This is not, strictly speaking,
line-buffered if -V was specified; however, it is the same as
line-buffered if -V wasn’t specified, as only one line is
printed for each packet, and, as -l is normally used when
piping a live capture to a program or script, so that output
for a packet shows up as soon as the packet is seen and
dissected, it should work just as well as true line-buffering.
We do this as a workaround for a deficiency in the Microsoft
Visual C++ C library.) This also sets --update-interval to 0
ms.
This may be useful when piping the output of strato to another
program, as it means that the program to which the output is
piped will see the dissected data for a packet as soon as
strato sees the packet and generates that output, rather than
seeing it only when the standard output buffer containing that
data fills up.
-L|--list-data-link-types
List the data link types supported by the interface and exit.
The reported link types can be used for the -y option.
-o <preference>:<value>
Set a preference value, overriding the default value and any
value read from a preference file. The argument to the option
is a string of the form prefname:value, where prefname is the
name of the preference (which is the same name that would
appear in the preference file), and value is the value to
which it should be set.
Note
strato does not save preferences, so use this for
temporary changes for a single execution. To permanently
set a preference, change it in the Wireshark GUI or edit
the preference file directly, creating multiple
configuration profiles if you need different preference
sets for different occasions.
-O <protocols>
Similar to the -V option, but causes strato to only show a
detailed view of the comma-separated list of protocols
specified, and show only the top-level detail line for all
other protocols, rather than a detailed view of all protocols.
Use the output of "strato -G protocols" to find the
abbreviations of the protocols you can specify.
-P|--print
Decode and display the packet summary or details, even if
writing raw packet data using the -w option, and even if
packet output is otherwise suppressed with -Q.
-q
When capturing packets, don’t display the continuous count of
packets captured that is normally shown when saving a capture
to a file; instead, just display, at the end of the capture, a
count of packets captured. On systems that support the SIGINFO
signal, such as various BSDs, you can cause the current count
to be displayed by typing your "status" character (typically
control-T, although it might be set to "disabled" by default
on at least some BSDs, so you’d have to explicitly set it to
use it).
When reading a capture file, or when capturing and not saving
to a file, don’t print packet information; this is useful if
you’re using a -z option to calculate statistics and don’t
want the packet information printed, just the statistics.
-Q
When capturing packets, don’t display, on the standard error,
the initial message indicating on which interfaces the capture
is being done, the continuous count of packets captured shown
when saving a capture to a file, and the final message giving
the count of packets captured. Only true errors are displayed
on the standard error.
This outputs less than the -q option, so the interface name
and total packet count and the end of a capture are not sent
to stderr.
When reading a capture file, or when capturing and not saving
to a file, don’t print packet information; this is useful if
you’re using a -z option to calculate statistics and don’t
want the packet information printed, just the statistics.
-r|--read-file <infile>
Read packet data from infile, can be any supported capture
file format (including compressed files). It is possible to
use named pipes or stdin (-) here but only with certain
capture file formats (in particular: those that can be read
without seeking backwards.)
Tip
Reading a live capture from the standard out of another
process through a pipe can circumvent restrictions that
apply to strato during live capture, such as file formats
or compression.
-R|--read-filter <Read filter>
Cause the specified filter (which uses the syntax of
read/display filters, rather than that of capture filters) to
be applied during the first pass of analysis. Packets not
matching the filter are not considered for future passes. Only
makes sense with multiple passes, see -2. For regular
filtering on single-pass dissect see -Y instead.
Note that forward-looking fields such as 'response in frame #'
cannot be used with this filter, since they will not have been
calculated when this filter is applied.
-s|--snapshot-length <capture snaplen>
Set the default snapshot length to use when capturing live
data. No more than snaplen bytes of each network packet will
be read into memory, or saved to disk. A value of 0 specifies
a snapshot length of 262144, so that the full packet is
captured; this is the default.
This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
occurrence of the -i option, it sets the default snapshot
length. If used after an -i option, it sets the snapshot
length for the interface specified by the last -i option
occurring before this option. If the snapshot length is not
set specifically, the default snapshot length is used if
provided.
-S <separator>
Set the line separator to be printed between packets.
-T ek|fields|json|jsonraw|pdml|ps|psml|tabs|text
Set the format of the output when viewing decoded packet data.
The options are one of:
ek Newline delimited JSON format for bulk import into
Elasticsearch. It can be used with -j or -J to specify which
protocols to include or with -x to include raw hex-encoded
packet data. If -P is specified it will print the packet
summary only, with both -P and -V it will print the packet
summary and packet details. If neither -P or -V are used it
will print the packet details only. Example of usage to import
data into Elasticsearch:
strato -T ek -j "http tcp ip" -P -V -x -r file.pcap > file.json
curl -H "Content-Type: application/x-ndjson" -XPOST http://elasticsearch:9200/_bulk --data-binary "@file.json"
Elastic requires a mapping file to be loaded as template for
packets-* index in order to convert Wireshark types to elastic
types. This file can be auto-generated with the command
"strato -G elastic-mapping". Since the mapping file can be
huge, protocols can be selected by using the option
--elastic-mapping-filter:
strato -G elastic-mapping --elastic-mapping-filter ip,udp,dns
or adding the filter directly to the -G elastic-mapping
option:
strato -G elastic-mapping,ip,udp,dns
fields The values of fields specified with the -e option, in a
form specified by the -E option. For example,
strato -T fields -E separator=, -E quote=d
would generate comma-separated values (CSV) output suitable
for importing into your favorite spreadsheet program.
json JSON file format. It can be used with -j or -J to specify
which protocols to include or with -x option to include raw
hex-encoded packet data. Example of usage:
strato -T json -r file.pcap
strato -T json -j "http tcp ip" -x -r file.pcap
jsonraw JSON file format including only raw hex-encoded packet
data. It can be used with -j or -J to specify which protocols
to include. Example of usage:
strato -T jsonraw -r file.pcap
strato -T jsonraw -j "http tcp ip" -x -r file.pcap
pdml Packet Details Markup Language, an XML-based format for
the details of a decoded packet. This information is
equivalent to the packet details printed with the -V option.
Using the --color option will add color attributes to pdml
output. These attributes are nonstandard.
ps PostScript for a human-readable one-line summary of each of
the packets, or a multi-line view of the details of each of
the packets, depending on whether the -V option was specified.
psml Packet Summary Markup Language, an XML-based format for
the summary information of a decoded packet. This information
is equivalent to the information shown in the one-line summary
printed by default. Using the --color option will add color
attributes to pdml output. These attributes are nonstandard.
tabs Similar to the default text report except the
human-readable one-line summary of each packet will include an
ASCII horizontal tab (0x09) character as a delimiter between
each column.
text Text of a human-readable one-line summary of each of the
packets, or a multi-line view of the details of each of the
packets, depending on whether the -V option was specified.
This is the default.
--temp-dir <directory>
Specifies the directory into which temporary files (including
capture files) are to be written. The default behavior on
UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
and AIX, is to use the environment variable $TMPDIR if set,
and the system default, typically /tmp, if it is not. On
Windows, the %TEMP% environment variable is used, which
typically defaults to %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp.
-U <tap name>
PDUs export, exports PDUs from infile to outfile according to
the tap name given. Use -Y to filter.
Enter an empty tap name "" or a tap name of ? to get a list of
available names.
-v|--version
Print the full version information and exit.
-V
Cause strato to print a view of the packet details.
-w <outfile> | -
Write raw packet data to outfile or to the standard output if
outfile is '-'. The -F and --compress options can be used to
control the file format and compression method. If the latter
is not given, then the extension may be used to deduce the
desired compression algorithm, if supported, e.g. a gzip
archive for '.gz'.
Note
-w provides raw packet data, not text. If you want text
output you need to redirect stdout (e.g. using '>'), don’t
use the -w option for this.
-W <file format option>
Save extra information in the file if the format supports it.
For example,
strato -F pcapng -W n
will save host name resolution records along with captured
packets.
Future versions of strato may automatically change the capture
format to pcapng as needed.
The argument is a string that may contain the following
letter:
n write network address resolution information (pcapng only)
-x
Cause strato to print a hex and ASCII dump of the packet data
after printing the summary and/or details, if either are also
being displayed.
--hexdump <hexoption>
Cause strato to print a hex and ASCII dump of the packet data
with the ability to select which data sources to dump, how to
format or exclude the ASCII dump text, and whether to print
the frame timestamp as preamble.
This option (and -x) can occur multiple times on the command
line, and the hex dump will only be printed once. In the case
of conflicting options, the last options given will be used.
The possible <hexoption> values are:
all
Enable hexdump, generate hexdump blocks for all data
sources associated with each frame. Used to negate earlier
use of --hexdump frames. The -x option displays all data
sources by default.
frames
Enable hexdump, generate hexdump blocks only for the frame
data. Use this option to exclude from hexdump output any
hexdump blocks for secondary data sources such as
'Bitstring tvb', 'Reassembled TCP', 'De-chunked entity
body', etc.
ascii
Enable hexdump, with undelimited ASCII dump text. Used to
negate earlier use of --hexdump delimit or --hexdump
noascii. The -x option displays undelimited ASCII dump
text by default.
delimit
Enable hexdump with the ASCII dump text delimited with '|'
characters. This is useful to unambiguously determine the
last of the hex byte text and start of the ASCII dump
text.
noascii
Enable hexdump without printing any ASCII dump text.
time
Enable hexdump and print each frame timestamp as preamble.
The -t option can be used to change the timestamp format.
notime
Enable hexdump without print each frame timestamp as
preamble.
help
Display --hexdump specific help then exit.
The use of --hexdump <hexoption> is particularly useful to
generate output that can be used to create a pcap or pcapng
file from a capture file type such as Microsoft NetMon 2.x
which strato and Wireshark can read but can not directly do a
"Save as" nor export packets from.
Examples:
Generate hexdump output, with only the frame data source, with
delimited ASCII dump text, and with each frame hex block
preceded by a human readable timestamp in the local time zone
that is directly usable by the text2pcap utility:
strato ... --hexdump frames --hexdump delimit --hexdump time -t ad \
| text2pcap -t 'ISO' - MYNEWPCAPNG
Generate hexdump output, with only the frame data source, with
the default ASCII dump text with no delimiter, and with each
frame hex block preceded by a human readable timestamp in UTC
that is directly usable by the text2pcap utility with the -a
option:
strato ... --hexdump frames --hexdump time -t ud \
| text2pcap -a -t 'ISO' - MYNEWPCAPNG
Generate hexdump output, with only the frame data source, with
no ASCII dump text, and with each frame hex block preceded by
an epoch timestamp that is directly usable by the text2pcap
utility:
strato ... --hexdump frames --hexdump noascii --hexdump time -t e \
| text2pcap -t %s.%f - MYNEWPCAPNG
-X <eXtension options>
Specify an option to be passed to a strato module. The
eXtension option is in the form extension_key:value, where
extension_key can be:
lua_script:lua_script_filename tells strato to load the given
script in addition to the default Lua scripts.
lua_scriptnum:argument tells strato to pass the given argument
to the lua script identified by 'num', which is the number
indexed order of the 'lua_script' command. For example, if
only one script was loaded with '-X lua_script:my.lua', then
'-X lua_script1:foo' will pass the string 'foo' to the
'my.lua' script. If two scripts were loaded, such as '-X
lua_script:my.lua' and '-X lua_script:other.lua' in that
order, then a '-X lua_script2:bar' would pass the string 'bar'
to the second lua script, namely 'other.lua'.
read_format:file_format tells strato to use the given file
format to read in the file (the file given in the -r command
option). Providing no file_format argument, or an invalid one,
will produce a list of available file formats to use. For
example,
strato -r rtcp_broken.pcapng -X read_format:"MIME Files Format" -V
will display the internal file structure and allow access to
the file-pcapng fields.
-Y|--display-filter <displaY filter>
Cause the specified filter (which uses the syntax of
read/display filters, rather than that of capture filters) to
be applied before printing a decoded form of packets or
writing packets to a file. Packets matching the filter are
printed or written to file; packets that the matching packets
depend upon (e.g., fragments), are not printed but are written
to file; packets not matching the filter nor depended upon are
discarded rather than being printed or written.
Use this instead of -R for filtering using single-pass
analysis. If doing two-pass analysis (see -2) then only
packets matching the read filter (if there is one) will be
checked against this filter.
-M <auto session reset>
Automatically reset internal session when reached to specified
number of packets. For example,
strato -M 100000
will reset session every 100000 packets.
This feature does not support -2 two-pass analysis
-z <statistics>
Get strato to collect various types of statistics and display
the result after finishing reading the capture file. Use the
-q option if you’re reading a capture file and only want the
statistics printed, not any per-packet information.
Statistics are calculated independently of the normal
per-packet output, unaffected by the main display filter.
However, most have their own optional filter parameter, and
only packets that match that filter (and any capture filter or
read filter) will be used in the calculations.
Note that the -z proto option is different - it doesn’t cause
statistics to be gathered and printed when the capture is
complete, it modifies the regular packet summary output to
include the values of fields specified with the option.
Therefore you must not use the -q option, as that option would
suppress the printing of the regular packet summary output,
and must also not use the -V option, as that would cause
packet detail information rather than packet summary
information to be printed.
Some of the currently implemented statistics are:
-z help
Display all possible values for -z.
-z container_io,tree[,filter]
Calculate file I/O statistics for containers.
-z expert[,error|,warn|,note|,chat|,comment][,filter]
Collects information about all expert info, and will display
them in order, grouped by severity.
Example: -z expert,sip will show expert items of all severity
for frames that match the sip protocol.
This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
Example: -z "expert,note,tcp" will only collect expert items
for frames that include the tcp protocol, with a severity of
note or higher.
--capture-comment <comment>
Add a capture comment to the output file, if supported by the
output file format.
This option may be specified multiple times. Note that
Wireshark currently only displays the first comment of a
capture file.
--list-time-stamp-types
List time stamp types supported for the interface. If no time
stamp type can be set, no time stamp types are listed.
--no-optimize
Do not run the libpcap optimizer when generating code for a
capture filter. This is useful if you suspect a bug in the
optimizer.
This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
occurrence of the -i option, capture filters are not optimized for
all interfaces. If used after an -i option, the capture filter for
the interface specified by the last -i option occurring before
this option is not optimized.
--time-stamp-type <type>
Change the interface’s timestamp method.
--update-interval <interval>
Set the length of time in milliseconds between new packet
reports during a capture. Also sets the granularity of file
duration conditions. The default value is 100ms.
--color
Enable coloring of packets according to standard Wireshark
color filters. On Windows colors are limited to the standard
console character attribute colors. Other platforms require a
terminal that handles 24-bit "true color" terminal escape
sequences. See https://wiki.wireshark.org/ColoringRules for
more information on configuring color filters.
--no-duplicate-keys
If a key appears multiple times in an object, only write it a
single time with as value a json array containing all the
separate values. (Only works with -T json)
--elastic-mapping-filter <protocol>,<protocol>,...
When generating the ElasticSearch mapping file, only put the
specified protocols in it, to avoid a huge mapping file that
can choke some software (such as Kibana). The option takes a
list of wanted protocol abbreviations, separated by comma.
Example: ip,udp,dns puts only those three protocols in the
mapping file.
--export-objects <protocol>,<destdir>
Export all objects within a protocol into directory destdir.
The available values for protocol can be listed with
--export-objects help.
The objects are directly saved in the given directory.
Filenames are dependent on the dissector, but typically it is
named after the basename of a file. Duplicate files are not
overwritten, instead an increasing number is appended before
the file extension.
This interface is subject to change, adding the possibility to
filter on files.
--print-timers
Output JSON containing elapsed times for each pass strato does
to process a capture file and the sum elapsed time for all
passes. The per-pass output contains the total elapsed time
and aggregate counters for per-packet operations (dissection
and filtering).
--compress <type>
Compress the output file using the type compression format.
--compress with no argument provides a list of the compression
formats supported for writing. The type given takes precedence
over the extension of outfile.
-d <layer type>==<selector>,<decode-as protocol>
Like Wireshark’s Decode As... feature, this lets you specify
how a layer type should be dissected. If the layer type in
question (for example, tcp.port or udp.port for a TCP or UDP
port number) has the specified selector value, packets should
be dissected as the specified protocol.
Example 1. Decode As Port
-d tcp.port==8888,http will decode any traffic running
over TCP port 8888 as HTTP.
Example 2. Decode As Port Range
-d tcp.port==8888-8890,http will decode any traffic
running over TCP ports 8888, 8889 or 8890 as HTTP.
Example 3. Decode As Port Range via Length
-d tcp.port==8888:3,http will decode any traffic running
over the three TCP ports 8888, 8889 or 8890 as HTTP.
Using an invalid selector or protocol will print out a list of
valid selectors and protocol names, respectively.
Example 4. Decode As List of Selectors
-d . is a quick way to get a list of valid selectors.
Example 5. Decode As List of Values for a Selector
-d ethertype==0x0800,. is a quick way to get a list of
protocols that can be selected with an ethertype.
--disable-all-protocols
Disable dissection of all protocols.
--disable-protocol <proto_name>[,<proto_name>,...]
Disable dissection of proto_name. Use a proto_name of ALL to
override your chosen profile’s default enabled protocol list
and temporarily disable all protocols.
--disable-heuristic <short_name>
Disable dissection of heuristic protocol.
--enable-protocol <proto_name>[,<proto_name>,...]
Enable dissection of proto_name. Use a proto_name of ALL to
override your chosen profile’s default disabled protocol list
and temporarily enable all protocols which are enabled by
default.
If a protocol is implicated in both --disable-protocol and
--enable-protocol, the protocol is enabled. This allows you to
temporarily disable all protocols but a list of exceptions.
Example: --disable-protocol ALL --enable-protocol eth,ip
--enable-heuristic <short_name>
Enable dissection of heuristic protocol.
-K <keytab>
Load kerberos crypto keys from the specified keytab file. This
option can be used multiple times to load keys from several
files.
Example: -K krb5.keytab
-n
Disable network object name resolution (such as hostname, TCP
and UDP port names); the -N option might override this one.
-N <name resolving flags>
Turn on name resolving only for particular types of addresses
and port numbers, with name resolving for other types of
addresses and port numbers turned off. This option (along with
-n) can be specified multiple times; the last value given
overrides earlier ones. This option and -n override the
options from the preferences, including preferences set via
the -o option. If both -N and -n options are not present, the
values from the preferences are used, which default to -N dmN.
The argument is a string that may contain the letters:
d to enable resolution from captured DNS packets
g to enable IP address geolocation information lookup from
configured MaxMind databases
m to enable MAC address resolution
n to enable network address resolution
N to enable using external resolvers (e.g., DNS) for network
address resolution; no effect without n also enabled.
s to enable address resolution using SNI information found in
captured handshake packets
t to enable transport-layer port number resolution
v to enable VLAN IDs to names resolution
Caution
In tshark single-pass mode, external resolution and
geolocation lookup is performed synchronously. For live
captures, which are always in single-pass mode, this makes
it more difficult for dissection to keep up with a busy
network, possibly leading to dropped packets.
--only-protocols <protocols>
Only enable dissection of these protocols, comma separated.
Disable everything else.
-t (a|ad|adoy|d|dd|e|r|rc|u|ud|udoy)[.[N]]|.[N]
Set the format of the packet timestamp displayed in the
default time column. The format can be one of:
a absolute: The absolute time, as local time in your time
zone, is the actual time the packet was captured, with no date
displayed
ad absolute with date: The absolute date, displayed as
YYYY-MM-DD, and time, as local time in your time zone, is the
actual time and date the packet was captured
adoy absolute with date using day of year: The absolute date,
displayed as YYYY/DOY, and time, as local time in your time
zone, is the actual time and date the packet was captured
d delta: The delta time is the time since the previous packet
was captured
dd delta_displayed: The delta_displayed time is the time since
the previous displayed packet was captured
e epoch: The time in seconds since epoch (Jan 1, 1970
00:00:00)
r relative: The relative time is the time elapsed between the
first packet and the current packet
rc relative to capture start: The relative to capture start
time is the time elapsed between the start of the capturing
and the current packet
u UTC: The absolute time, as UTC with a "Z" suffix, is the
actual time the packet was captured, with no date displayed
ud UTC with date: The absolute date, displayed as YYYY-MM-DD,
and time, as UTC with a "Z" suffix, is the actual time and
date the packet was captured
udoy UTC with date using day of year: The absolute date,
displayed as YYYY/DOY, and time, as UTC with a "Z" suffix, is
the actual time and date the packet was captured
.[N] Set the precision: N is the number of decimals (0 through
9). If using "." without N, automatically determine precision
from trace.
The default format is relative with precision based on capture
format.
-u <s|hms>
Specifies how packet timestamp formats in -t which are
relative times (i.e. relative, delta, and delta_displayed) are
displayed. Valid choices are:
s for seconds
hms for hours, minutes, and seconds
The default format is seconds.
--log-level <level>
Set the active log level. Supported levels in lowest to
highest order are "noisy", "debug", "info", "message",
"warning", "critical", and "error". Messages at each level and
higher will be printed, for example "warning" prints
"warning", "critical", and "error" messages and "noisy" prints
all messages. Levels are case insensitive.
--log-fatal <level>
Abort the program if any messages are logged at the specified
level or higher. For example, "warning" aborts on any
"warning", "critical", or "error" messages.
--log-domains <list>
Only print messages for the specified log domains, e.g.
"GUI,Epan,sshdump". List of domains must be comma-separated.
Can be negated with "!" as the first character (inverts the
match).
--log-debug <list>
Force the specified domains to log at the "debug" level. List
of domains must be comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as
the first character (inverts the match).
--log-noisy <list>
Force the specified domains to log at the "noisy" level. List
of domains must be comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as
the first character (inverts the match).
--log-fatal-domains <list>
Abort the program if any messages are logged for the specified
log domains. List of domains must be comma-separated.
--log-file <path>
Write log messages and stderr output to the specified file.
These files contain various Wireshark configuration settings.
Preferences
The preferences files contain global (system-wide) and
personal preference settings. If the system-wide preference
file exists, it is read first, overriding the default
settings. If the personal preferences file exists, it is read
next, overriding any previous values. Note: If the command
line flag -o is used (possibly more than once), it will in
turn override values from the preferences files.
The preferences settings are in the form prefname:value, one
per line, where prefname is the name of the preference and
value is the value to which it should be set; white space is
allowed between : and value. A preference setting can be
continued on subsequent lines by indenting the continuation
lines with white space. A # character starts a comment that
runs to the end of the line:
# Vertical scrollbars should be on right side?
# TRUE or FALSE (case-insensitive).
gui.scrollbar_on_right: TRUE
The global preferences file is looked for in the wireshark
directory under the share subdirectory of the main
installation directory. On macOS, this would typically be
/Application/Wireshark.app/Contents/Resources/share; on other
UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, \*BSD, Solaris, and
AIX, this would typically be /usr/share/wireshark/preferences
for system-installed packages and
/usr/local/share/wireshark/preferences for locally-installed
packages; on Windows, this would typically be C:\Program
Files\Wireshark\preferences.
On UNIX-compatible systems, the personal preferences file is
looked for in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark/preferences, (or, if
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark does not exist while
$HOME/.wireshark does exist, $HOME/.wireshark/preferences);
this is typically $HOME/.config/wireshark/preferences. On
Windows, the personal preferences file is looked for in
%APPDATA%\Wireshark\preferences (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t
defined, %USERPROFILE%\Application
Data\Wireshark\preferences).
Disabled (Enabled) Protocols
The disabled_protos files contain system-wide and personal
lists of protocols that have been disabled, so that their
dissectors are never called. The files contain protocol names,
one per line, where the protocol name is the same name that
would be used in a display filter for the protocol:
http
tcp # a comment
If a protocol is listed in the global disabled_protos file it
cannot be enabled by the user.
The global disabled_protos file uses the same directory as the
global preferences file.
The personal disabled_protos file uses the same directory as
the personal preferences file.
The disabled_protos files list only protocols that are enabled
by default but have been disabled; protocols that are disabled
by default (such as some postdissectors) are not listed. There
are analogous enabled_protos files for protocols that are
disabled by default but have been enabled.
Heuristic Dissectors
The heuristic_protos files contain system-wide and personal
lists of heuristic dissectors and indicate whether they are
enabled or disabled. The files contain heuristic dissector
unique short names, one per line, followed by a comma and 0
for disabled and 1 for enabled:
quic,1
rtcp_stun,1
rtcp_udp,1
rtp_stun,0
rtp_udp,0
tls_tcp,1
The global heuristic_protos file uses the same directory as
the global preferences file.
The personal heuristic_protos file uses the same directory as
the personal preferences file.
Name Resolution (hosts)
Entries in hosts files in the global and personal preferences
directory are used to resolve IPv4 and IPv6 addresses before
any other attempts are made to resolve them. The file has the
standard hosts file syntax; each line contains one IP address
and name, separated by whitespace. The personal hosts file, if
present, overrides the one in the global directory.
Capture filter name resolution is handled by libpcap on
UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
and AIX, and Npcap on Windows. As such the Wireshark personal
hosts file will not be consulted for capture filter name
resolution.
Name Resolution (subnets)
If an IPv4 address cannot be translated via name resolution
(no exact match is found) then a partial match is attempted
via the subnets file. Both the global subnets file and
personal subnets files are used if they exist.
Each line of this file consists of an IPv4 address, a subnet
mask length separated only by a / and a name separated by
whitespace. While the address must be a full IPv4 address, any
values beyond the mask length are subsequently ignored.
An example is:
# Comments must be prepended by the # sign! 192.168.0.0/24
ws_test_network
A partially matched name will be printed as
"subnet-name.remaining-address". For example, "192.168.0.1"
under the subnet above would be printed as
"ws_test_network.1"; if the mask length above had been 16
rather than 24, the printed address would be
"ws_test_network.0.1".
Name Resolution (ethers)
The ethers files are consulted to correlate 6-byte EUI-48 and
8-byte EUI-64 hardware addresses to names. First the personal
ethers file is tried and if an address is not found there the
global ethers file is tried next.
The file has a similar format to that defined by ethers(5) on
some UNIX-like systems. Each line contains one hardware
address and name, separated by whitespace (tabs or spaces).
The hexadecimal digits of the hardware address are separated
by colons (:), dashes (-) or periods (.). The same separator
character must be used consistently in an address. A #
indicates a comment that extends to the rest of the line. Both
6-byte MAC and 8-byte EUI-64 addresses are supported. The
following four lines are valid lines of an ethers file:
ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Broadcast
c0-00-ff-ff-ff-ff TR_broadcast
00.00.00.00.00.00 Zero_broadcast
00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 EUI64_zero_broadcast
Note that this accepts a greater variety of formats than the
file defined by ethers(5) on most UN*X systems.
The global ethers file is looked for in the /etc directory on
UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
and AIX, and in the main installation directory (for example,
C:\Program Files\Wireshark) on Windows systems.
The personal ethers file is looked for in the same directory
as the personal preferences file.
Capture filter name resolution is handled by libpcap on
UNIX-compatible systems and Npcap on Windows. As such the
Wireshark personal ethers file will not be consulted for
capture filter name resolution.
Name Resolution (manuf)
The manuf file is used to match the 3-byte vendor portion of a
6-byte hardware address with the manufacturer’s name; it can
also contain well-known MAC addresses and address ranges
specified with a netmask. The format of the file is similar
the ethers files, except that entries such as:
00:00:0C Cisco Cisco Systems, Inc
can be provided, with the 3-byte OUI and both an abbreviated
and long name for a vendor, and entries such as:
00-00-0C-07-AC/40 All-HSRP-routers
can be specified, with a MAC address and a mask indicating how
many bits of the address must match. The above entry, for
example, has 40 significant bits, or 5 bytes, and would match
addresses from 00-00-0C-07-AC-00 through 00-00-0C-07-AC-FF.
The mask need not be a multiple of 8.
A global manuf file is looked for in the same directory as the
global preferences file, and a personal manuf file is looked
for in the same directory as the personal preferences file.
In earlier versions of Wireshark, official information from
the IEEE Registration Authority was distributed in this format
as the global manuf file. This information is now compiled in
to speed program startup, but the internal information can be
written out in this format with tshark -G manuf.
In addition to the manuf file, another file with the same
format, wka, is looked for in the global directory. This file
is distributed with Wireshark, and contains data about
well-known MAC addresses and address ranges assembled from
various non IEEE but respected sources.
Name Resolution (services)
The services file is used to translate port numbers into
names. Both the global services file and personal services
files are used if they exist.
The file has the standard services file syntax; each line
contains one (service) name and one transport identifier
separated by white space. The transport identifier includes
one port number and one transport protocol name (typically
tcp, udp, or sctp) separated by a /.
An example is:
mydns 5045/udp # My own Domain Name Server mydns
5045/tcp # My own Domain Name Server
In earlier versions of Wireshark, official information from
the IANA Registry was distributed in this format as the global
services file. This information is now compiled in to speed
program startup, but the internal information can be written
out in this format with tshark -G services.
Name Resolution (ipxnets)
The ipxnets files are used to correlate 4-byte IPX network
numbers to names. First the global ipxnets file is tried and
if that address is not found there the personal one is tried
next.
The format is the same as the ethers file, except that each
address is four bytes instead of six. Additionally, the
address can be represented as a single hexadecimal number, as
is more common in the IPX world, rather than four hex octets.
For example, these four lines are valid lines of an ipxnets
file:
C0.A8.2C.00 HR
c0-a8-1c-00 CEO
00:00:BE:EF IT_Server1
110f FileServer3
The global ipxnets file is looked for in the /etc directory on
UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
and AIX, and in the main installation directory (for example,
C:\Program Files\Wireshark) on Windows systems.
The personal ipxnets file is looked for in the same directory
as the personal preferences file.
Name Resolution (ss7pcs)
The ss7pcs file is used to translate SS7 point codes to names.
It is read from the personal configuration directory.
Each line in this file consists of one network indicator
followed by a dash followed by a point code in decimal and a
node name separated by whitespace. An example is:
2-1234 MyPointCode1
Name Resolution (vlans)
The vlans file is used to translate VLAN tag IDs into names.
It is read from the personal configuration directory.
Each line in this file consists of one VLAN tag ID separated
by whitespace from a name. An example is:
123 Server-Lan
2049 HR-Client-LAN
Color Filters (Coloring Rules)
The colorfilters files contain system-wide and personal color
filters. Each line contains one filter, starting with the
string displayed in the dialog box, followed by the
corresponding display filter. Then the background and
foreground colors are appended:
# a comment
@tcp@tcp@[59345,58980,65534][0,0,0]
@udp@udp@[28834,57427,65533][0,0,0]
The global colorfilters file uses the same directory as the
global preferences file.
The personal colorfilters file uses the same directory as the
personal preferences file. It is written through the
View:Coloring Rules dialog.
If the global colorfilters file exists, it is used only if the
personal colorfilters file does not exist; global and personal
color filters are not merged.
Plugins
Wireshark looks for plugins in both a personal plugin folder
and a global plugin folder.
On UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD,
Solaris, and AIX, the global plugin directory is
lib/wireshark/plugins/ (on some systems substitute lib64 for
lib) under the main installation directory (for example,
/usr/local/lib/wireshark/plugins/). The personal plugin
directory is $HOME/.local/lib/wireshark/plugins.
On macOS, if Wireshark is installed as an application bundle,
the global plugin folder is instead
%APPDIR%/Contents/PlugIns/wireshark.
On Windows, the global plugin folder is plugins/ under the
main installation directory (for example, C:\Program
Files\Wireshark\plugins\). The personal plugin folder is
%APPDATA%\Wireshark\plugins (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t defined,
%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Wireshark\plugins).
Lua plugins are stored in the plugin folders; compiled plugins
are stored in subfolders of the plugin folders, with the
subfolder name being the Wireshark minor version number (X.Y).
There is another hierarchical level for each Wireshark plugin
type (libwireshark, libwiretap and codecs). For example, the
location for a libwireshark plugin foo.so (foo.dll on Windows)
would be PLUGINDIR/X.Y/epan (libwireshark used to be called
libepan; the other folder names are codecs and wiretap).
Note
On UNIX-compatible systems, Lua plugins (but not binary
plugins) may also be placed in
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark/plugins, (or, if
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark does not exist while
$HOME/.wireshark does exist, $HOME/.wireshark/plugins.)
Note that a dissector plugin module may support more than one
protocol; there is not necessarily a one-to-one correspondence
between dissector plugin modules and protocols. Protocols
supported by a dissector plugin module are enabled and
disabled in the same way as protocols built into Wireshark.
strato uses UTF-8 to represent strings internally. In some cases
the output might not be valid. For example, a dissector might
generate invalid UTF-8 character sequences. Programs reading
strato output should expect UTF-8 and be prepared for invalid
output.
If strato detects that it is writing to a TTY on a UNIX-compatible
system, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, and the
locale does not support UTF-8, output will be re-encoded to match
the current locale.
If strato detects that it is writing to the console on Windows,
dissection output will be encoded as UTF-16LE. Other output will
be UTF-8. If extended characters don’t display properly in your
terminal you might try setting your console code page to UTF-8
(chcp 65001) and using a modern terminal application if possible.
WIRESHARK_CONFIG_DIR
This environment variable overrides the location of personal
configuration files. On UNIX-compatible systems, such as
Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, it defaults to
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark (or, if that directory doesn’t
exist but $HOME/.wireshark does exist, $HOME/.wireshark); this
is typically $HOME/.config/wireshark. On Windows, it defaults
to %APPDATA%\Wireshark (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t defined,
%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Wireshark). Available since
Wireshark 3.0.
WIRESHARK_DEBUG_WMEM_OVERRIDE
Setting this environment variable forces the wmem framework to
use the specified allocator backend for all allocations,
regardless of which backend is normally specified by the code.
This is mainly useful to developers when testing or debugging.
See README.wmem in the source distribution for details.
WIRESHARK_RUN_FROM_BUILD_DIRECTORY
This environment variable causes the plugins and other data
files to be loaded from the build directory (where the program
was compiled) rather than from the standard locations. It has
no effect when the program in question is running with root
(or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems, such as
Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX.
WIRESHARK_DATA_DIR
This environment variable causes the various data files to be
loaded from a directory other than the standard locations. It
has no effect when the program in question is running with
root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems.
WIRESHARK_EXTCAP_DIR
This environment variable causes the various extcap programs
and scripts to be run from a directory other than the standard
locations. It has no effect when the program in question is
running with root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible
systems.
WIRESHARK_PLUGIN_DIR
This environment variable causes the various plugins to be
loaded from a directory other than the standard locations. It
has no effect when the program in question is running with
root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems.
ERF_RECORDS_TO_CHECK
This environment variable controls the number of ERF records
checked when deciding if a file really is in the ERF format.
Setting this environment variable a number higher than the
default (20) would make false positives less likely.
IPFIX_RECORDS_TO_CHECK
This environment variable controls the number of IPFIX records
checked when deciding if a file really is in the IPFIX format.
Setting this environment variable a number higher than the
default (20) would make false positives less likely.
WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_DISSECTOR_BUG
If this environment variable is set, strato will call abort(3)
when a dissector bug is encountered. abort(3) will cause the
program to exit abnormally; if you are running strato in a
debugger, it should halt in the debugger and allow inspection
of the process, and, if you are not running it in a debugger,
it will, on some OSes, assuming your environment is configured
correctly, generate a core dump file. This can be useful to
developers attempting to troubleshoot a problem with a
protocol dissector.
WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_TOO_MANY_ITEMS
If this environment variable is set, strato will call abort(3)
if a dissector tries to add too many items to a tree
(generally this is an indication of the dissector not breaking
out of a loop soon enough). abort(3) will cause the program to
exit abnormally; if you are running strato in a debugger, it
should halt in the debugger and allow inspection of the
process, and, if you are not running it in a debugger, it
will, on some OSes, assuming your environment is configured
correctly, generate a core dump file. This can be useful to
developers attempting to troubleshoot a problem with a
protocol dissector.
WIRESHARK_LOG_LEVEL
This environment variable controls the verbosity of diagnostic
messages to the console. From less verbose to most verbose
levels can be critical, warning, message, info, debug or
noisy. Levels above the current level are also active. Levels
critical and error are always active.
WIRESHARK_LOG_FATAL
Sets the fatal log level. Fatal log levels cause the program
to abort. This level can be set to Error, critical or warning.
Error is always fatal and is the default.
WIRESHARK_LOG_DOMAINS
This environment variable selects which log domains are
active. The filter is given as a case-insensitive comma
separated list. If set only the included domains will be
enabled. The default domain is always considered to be
enabled. Domain filter lists can be preceded by '!' to invert
the sense of the match.
WIRESHARK_LOG_DEBUG
List of domains with debug log level. This sets the level of
the provided log domains and takes precedence over the active
domains filter. If preceded by '!' this disables the debug
level instead.
WIRESHARK_LOG_NOISY
Same as above but for noisy log level instead.
wireshark-filter(4), stratoshark(1), editcap(1), dumpcap(1)
This is the manual page for strato 0.9.4. strato is part of the
Stratoshark distribution. The latest version of Stratoshark can be
found at https://stratoshark.org/.
HTML versions of the Wireshark project man pages are available at
https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages.
strato uses the same dissection code as Stratoshark and Wireshark,
as well as using many other modules from Stratoshark and
Wireshark; see the list of authors in the Wireshark man page for a
list of authors of that code..SH COLOPHON This page is part of the
wireshark (Interactively dump and analyze network traffic)
project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨https://www.wireshark.org/⟩. If you have a bug report for this
manual page, see
⟨https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/issues⟩. This page was
obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark.git⟩ on 2026-01-16. (At
that time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in
the repository was 2026-01-16.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is
a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
2026-01-15 STRATO(1)
Pages that refer to this page: dumpcalls(1), falcodump(1), sshdig(1), stratoshark(1)
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