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PROLOG | NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | EXAMPLES | APPLICATION USAGE | RATIONALE | FUTURE DIRECTIONS | SEE ALSO | COPYRIGHT |
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EXP(3P) POSIX Programmer's Manual EXP(3P)
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The
Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or
the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
exp, expf, expl — exponential function
#include <math.h>
double exp(double x);
float expf(float x);
long double expl(long double x);
The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with
the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements
described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This
volume of POSIX.1‐2017 defers to the ISO C standard.
These functions shall compute the base-e exponential of x.
An application wishing to check for error situations should set
errno to zero and call feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) before calling
these functions. On return, if errno is non-zero or
fetestexcept(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW |
FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.
Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the
exponential value of x.
If the correct value would cause overflow, a range error shall
occur and exp(), expf(), and expl() shall return the value of the
macro HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF, and HUGE_VALL, respectively.
If the correct value would cause underflow, and is not
representable, a range error may occur, and exp(), expf(), and
expl() shall return 0.0, or (if the IEC 60559 Floating-Point
option is not supported) an implementation-defined value no
greater in magnitude than DBL_MIN, FLT_MIN, and LDBL_MIN,
respectively.
If x is NaN, a NaN shall be returned.
If x is ±0, 1 shall be returned.
If x is -Inf, +0 shall be returned.
If x is +Inf, x shall be returned.
If the correct value would cause underflow, and is representable,
a range error may occur and the correct value shall be returned.
These functions shall fail if:
Range Error The result overflows.
If the integer expression (math_errhandling &
MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then errno shall be set to
[ERANGE]. If the integer expression (math_errhandling
& MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then the overflow
floating-point exception shall be raised.
These functions may fail if:
Range Error The result underflows.
If the integer expression (math_errhandling &
MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then errno shall be set to
[ERANGE]. If the integer expression (math_errhandling
& MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then the underflow
floating-point exception shall be raised.
The following sections are informative.
Computing the Density of the Standard Normal Distribution
This function shows an implementation for the density of the
standard normal distribution using exp(). This example uses the
constant M_PI which is part of the XSI option.
#include <math.h>
double
normal_density (double x)
{
return exp(-x*x/2) / sqrt (2*M_PI);
}
On error, the expressions (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) and
(math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) are independent of each other,
but at least one of them must be non-zero.
None.
None.
feclearexcept(3p), fetestexcept(3p), isnan(3p), log(3p)
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 4.20,
Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions,
math.h(0p)
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic
form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information
Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The
Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright
(C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard,
the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee
document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page
are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of
the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2017 EXP(3P)
Pages that refer to this page: math.h(0p), exp2(3p), expm1(3p), lgamma(3p), log(3p), pow(3p)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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