mysqlbinlog(1) — Linux manual page

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MARIADB-BINLOG(1)        MariaDB Database System       MARIADB-BINLOG(1)

NAME         top

       mariadb-binlog - utility for processing binary log files
       (mysqlbinlog is now a symlink to mariadb-binlog)

SYNOPSIS         top


       mysqlbinlog [options] log_file ...

DESCRIPTION         top

       The server´s binary log consists of files containing “events”
       that describe modifications to database contents. The server
       writes these files in binary format. To display their contents in
       text format, use the mysqlbinlog utility. You can also use
       mysqlbinlog to display the contents of relay log files written by
       a slave server in a replication setup because relay logs have the
       same format as binary logs.

       Invoke mysqlbinlog like this:

           shell> mysqlbinlog [options] log_file ...

       For example, to display the contents of the binary log file named
       binlog.000003, use this command:

           shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.0000003

       The output includes events contained in binlog.000003. For
       statement-based logging, event information includes the SQL
       statement, the ID of the server on which it was executed, the
       timestamp when the statement was executed, how much time it took,
       and so forth. For row-based logging, the event indicates a row
       change rather than an SQL statement.

       Events are preceded by header comments that provide additional
       information. For example:

           # at 141
           #100309  9:28:36 server id 123  end_log_pos 245
             Query thread_id=3350  exec_time=11  error_code=0

       In the first line, the number following at indicates the starting
       position of the event in the binary log file.

       The second line starts with a date and time indicating when the
       statement started on the server where the event originated. For
       replication, this timestamp is propagated to slave servers.
       server id is the server_id value of the server where the event
       originated.  end_log_pos indicates where the next event starts
       (that is, it is the end position of the current event + 1).
       thread_id indicates which thread executed the event.  exec_time
       is the time spent executing the event, on a master server. On a
       slave, it is the difference of the end execution time on the
       slave minus the beginning execution time on the master. The
       difference serves as an indicator of how much replication lags
       behind the master.  error_code indicates the result from
       executing the event. Zero means that no error occurred.

       The output from mysqlbinlog can be re-executed (for example, by
       using it as input to mysql) to redo the statements in the log.
       This is useful for recovery operations after a server crash. For
       other usage examples, see the discussion later in this section.

       Normally, you use mysqlbinlog to read binary log files directly
       and apply them to the local MariaDB server. It is also possible
       to read binary logs from a remote server by using the
       --read-from-remote-server option. To read remote binary logs, the
       connection parameter options can be given to indicate how to
       connect to the server. These options are --host, --password,
       --port, --protocol, --socket, and --user; they are ignored except
       when you also use the --read-from-remote-server option.

       mysqlbinlog supports the following options, which can be
       specified on the command line or in the [mysqlbinlog] and
       [client] option file groups.

       •   --help, -?

           Display a help message and exit.

       •   --base64-output=value

           This option determines when events should be displayed
           encoded as base-64 strings using BINLOG statements. The
           option has these allowable values (not case sensitive):

           •   AUTO ("automatic") or UNSPEC ("unspecified") displays
               BINLOG statements automatically when necessary (that is,
               for format description events and row events). This is
               the default if no --base64-output option is given.

                   Note
                   Automatic BINLOG display is the only safe behavior if
                   you intend to use the output of mysqlbinlog to
                   re-execute binary log file contents. The other option
                   values are intended only for debugging or testing
                   purposes because they may produce output that does
                   not include all events in executable form.

           •   NEVER causes BINLOG statements not to be displayed.
               mysqlbinlog exits with an error if a row event is found
               that must be displayed using BINLOG.

           •   DECODE-ROWS specifies to mysqlbinlog that you intend for
               row events to be decoded and displayed as commented SQL
               statements by also specifying the --verbose option. Like
               NEVER, DECODE-ROWS suppresses display of BINLOG
               statements, but unlike NEVER, it does not exit with an
               error if a row event is found.
               The --base64-output can be given as --base64-output or
               --skip-base64-output (with the sense of AUTO or NEVER).

               For examples that show the effect of --base64-output and
               --verbose on row event output, see the section called
               “MYSQLBINLOG ROW EVENT DISPLAY”.

       •   --binlog-row-event-max-size=path

           The directory where character sets are installed.

       •   --character-sets-dir=path

           The directory where character sets are installed.

       •   --database=db_name, -d db_name

           This option causes mysqlbinlog to output entries from the
           binary log (local log only) that occur while db_name has been
           selected as the default database by USE.

           The --database option for mysqlbinlog is similar to the
           --binlog-do-db option for mysqld, but can be used to specify
           only one database. If --database is given multiple times,
           only the last instance is used.

           The effects of this option depend on whether the
           statement-based or row-based logging format is in use, in the
           same way that the effects of --binlog-do-db depend on whether
           statement-based or row-based logging is in use.

           Statement-based logging. The --database option works as
           follows:

           •   While db_name is the default database, statements are
               output whether they modify tables in db_name or a
               different database.

           •   Unless db_name is selected as the default database,
               statements are not output, even if they modify tables in
               db_name.

           •   There is an exception for CREATE DATABASE, ALTER
               DATABASE, and DROP DATABASE. The database being created,
               altered, or dropped is considered to be the default
               database when determining whether to output the
               statement.
               Suppose that the binary log was created by executing
               these statements using statement-based-logging:

                   INSERT INTO test.t1 (i) VALUES(100);
                   INSERT INTO db2.t2 (j)  VALUES(200);
                   USE test;
                   INSERT INTO test.t1 (i) VALUES(101);
                   INSERT INTO t1 (i)      VALUES(102);
                   INSERT INTO db2.t2 (j)  VALUES(201);
                   USE db2;
                   INSERT INTO test.t1 (i) VALUES(103);
                   INSERT INTO db2.t2 (j)  VALUES(202);
                   INSERT INTO t2 (j)      VALUES(203);

               mysqlbinlog --database=test does not output the first two
               INSERT statements because there is no default database.
               It outputs the three INSERT statements following USE
               test, but not the three INSERT statements following USE
               db2.

               mysqlbinlog --database=db2 does not output the first two
               INSERT statements because there is no default database.
               It does not output the three INSERT statements following
               USE test, but does output the three INSERT statements
               following USE db2.

               Row-based logging.  mysqlbinlog outputs only entries that
               change tables belonging to db_name. The default database
               has no effect on this. Suppose that the binary log just
               described was created using row-based logging rather than
               statement-based logging.  mysqlbinlog --database=test
               outputs only those entries that modify t1 in the test
               database, regardless of whether USE was issued or what
               the default database is.  If a server is running with
               binlog_format set to MIXED and you want it to be possible
               to use mysqlbinlog with the --database option, you must
               ensure that tables that are modified are in the database
               selected by USE. (In particular, no cross-database
               updates should be used.)

                   Note
                   This option did not work correctly for mysqlbinlog
                   with row-based logging prior to MySQL 5.1.37.

       •   --debug[=debug_options], -# [debug_options]

           Write a debugging log. A typical debug_options string is
           ´d:t:o,file_name´. The default is
           ´d:t:o,/tmp/mysqlbinlog.trace´.

       •   --debug-check

           Print some debugging information when the program exits.

       •   --debug-info

           Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage
           statistics when the program exits.

       •   --defaults-extra-file=name

           Read this file after the global files are read.

       •   --defaults-file=name

           Only read default options from the given file.

       •   --default-auth=name

           Default authentication client-side plugin to use.

       •   --disable-log-bin, -D

           Disable binary logging. This is useful for avoiding an
           endless loop if you use the --to-last-log option and are
           sending the output to the same MariaDB server. This option
           also is useful when restoring after a crash to avoid
           duplication of the statements you have logged.

           This option requires that you have the SUPER privilege. It
           causes mysqlbinlog to include a SET sql_log_bin = 0 statement
           in its output to disable binary logging of the remaining
           output. The SET statement is ineffective unless you have the
           SUPER privilege.

       •   --force-if-open

           Force if binlog was not closed properly. Defaults to on; use
           --skip-force-if-open to disable.

       •   --force-read, -f

           With this option, if mysqlbinlog reads a binary log event
           that it does not recognize, it prints a warning, ignores the
           event, and continues. Without this option, mysqlbinlog stops
           if it reads such an event.

       •   --hexdump, -H

           Display a hex dump of the log in comments, as described in
           the section called “MYSQLBINLOG HEX DUMP FORMAT”. The hex
           output can be helpful for replication debugging.

       •   --host=host_name, -h host_name

           Get the binary log from the MariaDB server on the given host.

       •   --local-load=path, -l path

           Prepare local temporary files for LOAD DATA INFILE in the
           specified directory.

       •   --no-defaults

           Don't read default options from any option file.

       •   --offset=N, -o N

           Skip the first N entries in the log.

       •   --open-files-limit=NUM

           Sets the open_files_limit variable, which is used to reserve
           file descriptors for mysqlbinlog.

       •   --password[=password], -p[password]

           The password to use when connecting to the server. If you use
           the short option form (-p), you cannot have a space between
           the option and the password. If you omit the password value
           following the --password or -p option on the command line,
           mysqlbinlog prompts for one.

           Specifying a password on the command line should be
           considered insecure. You can use an option file to avoid
           giving the password on the command line.

       •   --plugin-dir=dir_name

           Directory for client-side plugins.

       •   --print-defaults

           Print the program argument list from all option files and
           exit.

       •   --port=port_num, -P port_num

           The TCP/IP port number to use for connecting to a remote
           server, or 0 for default to, in order of preference, my.cnf,
           $MYSQL_TCP_PORT, /etc/services, built-in default (3306).
           Forces --protocol=tcp when specified on the command line
           without other connection properties.

       •   --protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}

           The connection protocol to use for connecting to the server.
           It is useful when the other connection parameters normally
           would cause a protocol to be used other than the one you
           want.

       •   --raw

           Requires -R. Output raw binlog data instead of SQL
           statements. Output files named after server logs.

       •   --read-from-remote-server, -R

           Read the binary log from a MariaDB server rather than reading
           a local log file. Any connection parameter options are
           ignored unless this option is given as well. These options
           are --host, --password, --port, --protocol, --socket, and
           --user.

           This option requires that the remote server be running. It
           works only for binary log files on the remote server, not
           relay log files.

       •   --result-file=name, -r name

           Direct output to the given file. With --raw this is a prefix
           for the file names.

       •   --rewrite-db=name, -r name

           Updates to a database with a different name than the
           original.  Example: rewrite-db='from->to'. For events that
           are binlogged as statements, rewriting the database
           constitutes changing a statement's default database from db1
           to db2. There is no statement analysis or rewrite of any
           kind, that is, if one specifies "db1.tbl" in the statement
           explicitly, that occurrence won't be changed to "db2.tbl".
           Row-based events are rewritten correctly to use the new
           database name. Filtering (e.g. with --database=name) happens
           after the database rewrites have been performed. If you use
           this option on the command line and ">" has a special meaning
           to your command interpreter, quote the value (e.g. --rewrite-
           db="oldname->newname".

       •   --server-id=id

           Display only those events created by the server having the
           given server ID.

       •   --set-charset=charset_name

           Add a SET NAMES charset_name statement to the output to
           specify the character set to be used for processing log
           files.

       •   --short-form, -s

           Display only the statements contained in the log, no extra
           info and no row-based events. This is for testing only, and
           should not be used in production systems. If you want to
           suppress base64-output, consider using --base64-output=never
           instead.

       •   --socket=path, -S path

           For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use,
           or, on Windows, the name of the named pipe to use.  Forces
           --protocol=socket when specified on the command line without
           other connection properties; on Windows, forces
           --protocol=pipe.

       •   --start-datetime=datetime

           Start reading the binary log at the first event having a
           timestamp equal to or later than the datetime argument. The
           datetime value is relative to the local time zone on the
           machine where you run mysqlbinlog. The value should be in a
           format accepted for the DATETIME or TIMESTAMP data types. For
           example:

               shell> mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2014-12-25 11:25:56" binlog.000003

           This option is useful for point-in-time recovery.

       •   --start-position=N, -j N

           Start reading the binary log at N. Type can either be a
           positive integer or a GTID list. When using a positive
           integer, the value only applies to the first binlog passed on
           the command line, and the first event that has a position
           equal to or greater than N is printed. In GTID mode, multiple
           GTIDs can be passed as a comma separated list, where each
           must have a unique domain id. The list represents the gtid
           binlog state that the client (another "replica" server) is
           aware of. Therefore, each GTID is exclusive; only events
           after a given sequence number will be printed to allow users
           to receive events after their current state.

           This option is useful for point-in-time recovery.

       •   --gtid-strict-mode

           Process binlog according to gtid-strict-mode specification.
           The start, stop positions are verified to satisfy start <
           stop comparison condition. Sequence numbers of any gtid
           domain must comprise monotically growing sequence.

       •   --stop-datetime=datetime

           Stop reading the binary log at the first event having a
           timestamp equal to or later than the datetime argument. This
           option is useful for point-in-time recovery. See the
           description of the --start-datetime option for information
           about the datetime value.

           This option is useful for point-in-time recovery.

       •   --stop-never

           Wait for more data from the server instead of stopping at the
           end of the last log. Implies --to-last-log.

       •   --stop-never-slave-server-id

           The slave server_id used for --read-from-remote-server
           --stop-never.

       •   --stop-position=N

           Stop reading the binary log at the first event having a
           position equal to or greater than N. Type can either be a
           positive integer or a GTID list. When using a positive
           integer, the value only applies to the last log file named on
           the command line. When in GTID mode, multiple GTIDs can be
           passed as a comma separated list, where each must have a
           unique domain id.  Each GTID is inclusive; only events up to
           the given sequence numbers are printed.

           This option is useful for point-in-time recovery.

       •   --table, -T

           List entries for just this table (local log only).

       •    --to-last-log, -t

           Do not stop at the end of the requested binary log from a
           MariaDB server, but rather continue printing until the end of
           the last binary log. If you send the output to the same
           MariaDB server, this may lead to an endless loop, so this
           option requires --read-from-remote-server.

       •   --user=user_name, -u user_name

           The MariaDB username to use when connecting to a remote
           server.

       •   --verbose, -v

           Reconstruct row events and display them as commented SQL
           statements. If this option is given twice, the output
           includes comments to indicate column data types and some
           metadata.  If this option is given three times, the output
           includes diagnostic warnings about event integrity before
           program exit.

           For examples that show the effect of --base64-output and
           --verbose on row event output, see the section called
           “MYSQLBINLOG ROW EVENT DISPLAY”.

       •   --version, -V

           Display version information and exit.

       You can also set the following variable by using --var_name=value
       syntax:

       •   open_files_limit

           Specify the number of open file descriptors to reserve.

       You can pipe the output of mysqlbinlog into the mysql client to
       execute the events contained in the binary log. This technique is
       used to recover from a crash when you have an old backup. For
       example:

           shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 | mysql -u root -p

       Or:

           shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.[0-9]* | mysql -u root -p

       You can also redirect the output of mysqlbinlog to a text file
       instead, if you need to modify the statement log first (for
       example, to remove statements that you do not want to execute for
       some reason). After editing the file, execute the statements that
       it contains by using it as input to the mysql program:

           shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 > tmpfile
           shell> ... edit tmpfile ...
           shell> mysql -u root -p < tmpfile

       When mysqlbinlog is invoked with the --start-position option, it
       displays only those events with an offset in the binary log
       greater than or equal to a given position (the given position
       must match the start of one event). It also has options to stop
       and start when it sees an event with a given date and time. This
       enables you to perform point-in-time recovery using the
       --stop-datetime option (to be able to say, for example, “roll
       forward my databases to how they were today at 10:30 a.m.”).

       If you have more than one binary log to execute on the MariaDB
       server, the safe method is to process them all using a single
       connection to the server. Here is an example that demonstrates
       what may be unsafe:

           shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 | mysql -u root -p # DANGER!!
           shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000002 | mysql -u root -p # DANGER!!

       Processing binary logs this way using different connections to
       the server causes problems if the first log file contains a
       CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE statement and the second log contains a
       statement that uses the temporary table. When the first mysql
       process terminates, the server drops the temporary table. When
       the second mysql process attempts to use the table, the server
       reports “unknown table.”

       To avoid problems like this, use a single mysql process to
       execute the contents of all binary logs that you want to process.
       Here is one way to do so:

           shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 binlog.000002 | mysql -u root -p

       Another approach is to write all the logs to a single file and
       then process the file:

           shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 >  /tmp/statements.sql
           shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000002 >> /tmp/statements.sql
           shell> mysql -u root -p -e "source /tmp/statements.sql"

       mysqlbinlog can produce output that reproduces a LOAD DATA INFILE
       operation without the original data file.  mysqlbinlog copies the
       data to a temporary file and writes a LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE
       statement that refers to the file. The default location of the
       directory where these files are written is system-specific. To
       specify a directory explicitly, use the --local-load option.

       Because mysqlbinlog converts LOAD DATA INFILE statements to LOAD
       DATA LOCAL INFILE statements (that is, it adds LOCAL), both the
       client and the server that you use to process the statements must
       be configured with the LOCAL capability enabled.

           Warning

           The temporary files created for LOAD DATA LOCAL statements
           are not automatically deleted because they are needed until
           you actually execute those statements. You should delete the
           temporary files yourself after you no longer need the
           statement log. The files can be found in the temporary file
           directory and have names like original_file_name-#-#.

MYSQLBINLOG HEX DUMP FORMAT         top

       The --hexdump option causes mysqlbinlog to produce a hex dump of
       the binary log contents:

           shell> mysqlbinlog --hexdump master-bin.000001

       The hex output consists of comment lines beginning with #, so the
       output might look like this for the preceding command:

           /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
           /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
           # at 4
           #051024 17:24:13 server id 1  end_log_pos 98
           # Position  Timestamp   Type   Master ID        Size      Master Pos    Flags
           # 00000004 9d fc 5c 43   0f   01 00 00 00   5e 00 00 00   62 00 00 00   00 00
           # 00000017 04 00 35 2e 30 2e 31 35  2d 64 65 62 75 67 2d 6c |..5.0.15.debug.l|
           # 00000027 6f 67 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |og..............|
           # 00000037 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
           # 00000047 00 00 00 00 9d fc 5c 43  13 38 0d 00 08 00 12 00 |.......C.8......|
           # 00000057 04 04 04 04 12 00 00 4b  00 04 1a                |.......K...|
           #       Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.0.15-debug-log created 051024 17:24:13
           #       at startup
           ROLLBACK;

       Hex dump output currently contains the elements in the following
       list. This format is subject to change. (For more information
       about binary log format, see
       http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/MySQL_Internals_Binary_Log .)

       •   Position: The byte position within the log file.

       •   Timestamp: The event timestamp. In the example shown, ´9d fc
           5c 43´ is the representation of ´051024 17:24:13´ in
           hexadecimal.

       •   Type: The event type code. In the example shown, ´0f´
           indicates a FORMAT_DESCRIPTION_EVENT. The following table
           lists the possible type codes.
           ┌──────┬──────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┐
           │ Type │ Name                     │ Meaning                 │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 00   │ UNKNOWN_EVENT            │ This event should never │
           │      │                          │ be present in the log.  │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 01   │ START_EVENT_V3           │ This indicates the      │
           │      │                          │ start of a log file     │
           │      │                          │ written by MySQL 4 or   │
           │      │                          │ earlier.                │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 02   │ QUERY_EVENT              │ The most common type of │
           │      │                          │ events. These contain   │
           │      │                          │ statements executed on  │
           │      │                          │ the master.             │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 03   │ STOP_EVENT               │ Indicates that master   │
           │      │                          │ has stopped.            │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 04   │ ROTATE_EVENT             │ Written when the master │
           │      │                          │ switches to a new log   │
           │      │                          │ file.                   │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 05   │ INTVAR_EVENT             │ Used for AUTO_INCREMENT │
           │      │                          │ values or when the      │
           │      │                          │ LAST_INSERT_ID()        │
           │      │                          │ function is used in the │
           │      │                          │ statement.              │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 06   │ LOAD_EVENT               │ Used for LOAD DATA      │
           │      │                          │ INFILE in MySQL 3.23.   │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 07   │ SLAVE_EVENT              │ Reserved for future     │
           │      │                          │ use.                    │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 08   │ CREATE_FILE_EVENT        │ Used for LOAD DATA      │
           │      │                          │ INFILE statements. This │
           │      │                          │ indicates the start of  │
           │      │                          │ execution of such a     │
           │      │                          │ statement. A temporary  │
           │      │                          │ file is created on the  │
           │      │                          │ slave. Used in MySQL 4  │
           │      │                          │ only.                   │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 09   │ APPEND_BLOCK_EVENT       │ Contains data for use   │
           │      │                          │ in a LOAD DATA INFILE   │
           │      │                          │ statement. The data is  │
           │      │                          │ stored in the temporary │
           │      │                          │ file on the slave.      │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 0a   │ EXEC_LOAD_EVENT          │ Used for LOAD DATA      │
           │      │                          │ INFILE statements. The  │
           │      │                          │ contents of the         │
           │      │                          │ temporary file is       │
           │      │                          │ stored in the table on  │
           │      │                          │ the slave.  Used in     │
           │      │                          │ MySQL 4 only.           │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 0b   │ DELETE_FILE_EVENT        │ Rollback of a LOAD DATA │
           │      │                          │ INFILE statement. The   │
           │      │                          │ temporary file should   │
           │      │                          │ be deleted on the       │
           │      │                          │ slave.                  │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 0c   │ NEW_LOAD_EVENT           │ Used for LOAD DATA      │
           │      │                          │ INFILE in MySQL 4 and   │
           │      │                          │ earlier.                │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 0d   │ RAND_EVENT               │ Used to send            │
           │      │                          │ information about       │
           │      │                          │ random values if the    │
           │      │                          │ RAND() function is used │
           │      │                          │ in the statement.       │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 0e   │ USER_VAR_EVENT           │ Used to replicate user  │
           │      │                          │ variables.              │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 0f   │ FORMAT_DESCRIPTION_EVENT │ This indicates the      │
           │      │                          │ start of a log file     │
           │      │                          │ written by MySQL 5 or   │
           │      │                          │ later.                  │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 10   │ XID_EVENT                │ Event indicating commit │
           │      │                          │ of an XA transaction.   │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 11   │ BEGIN_LOAD_QUERY_EVENT   │ Used for LOAD DATA      │
           │      │                          │ INFILE statements in    │
           │      │                          │ MySQL 5 and later.      │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 12   │ EXECUTE_LOAD_QUERY_EVENT │ Used for LOAD DATA      │
           │      │                          │ INFILE statements in    │
           │      │                          │ MySQL 5 and later.      │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 13   │ TABLE_MAP_EVENT          │ Information about a     │
           │      │                          │ table definition. Used  │
           │      │                          │ in MySQL 5.1.5 and      │
           │      │                          │ later.                  │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 14   │ PRE_GA_WRITE_ROWS_EVENT  │ Row data for a single   │
           │      │                          │ table that should be    │
           │      │                          │ created. Used in MySQL  │
           │      │                          │ 5.1.5 to 5.1.17.        │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 15   │ PRE_GA_UPDATE_ROWS_EVENT │ Row data for a single   │
           │      │                          │ table that needs to be  │
           │      │                          │ updated. Used in MySQL  │
           │      │                          │ 5.1.5 to 5.1.17.        │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 16   │ PRE_GA_DELETE_ROWS_EVENT │ Row data for a single   │
           │      │                          │ table that should be    │
           │      │                          │ deleted. Used in MySQL  │
           │      │                          │ 5.1.5 to 5.1.17.        │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 17   │ WRITE_ROWS_EVENT         │ Row data for a single   │
           │      │                          │ table that should be    │
           │      │                          │ created. Used in MySQL  │
           │      │                          │ 5.1.18 and later.       │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 18   │ UPDATE_ROWS_EVENT        │ Row data for a single   │
           │      │                          │ table that needs to be  │
           │      │                          │ updated. Used in MySQL  │
           │      │                          │ 5.1.18 and later.       │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 19   │ DELETE_ROWS_EVENT        │ Row data for a single   │
           │      │                          │ table that should be    │
           │      │                          │ deleted. Used in MySQL  │
           │      │                          │ 5.1.18 and later.       │
           ├──────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
           │ 1a   │ INCIDENT_EVENT           │ Something out of the    │
           │      │                          │ ordinary happened.      │
           │      │                          │ Added in MySQL 5.1.18.  │
           └──────┴──────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┘

       •   Master ID: The server ID of the master that created the
           event.

       •   Size: The size in bytes of the event.

       •   Master Pos: The position of the next event in the original
           master log file.

       •   Flags: 16 flags. Currently, the following flags are used. The
           others are reserved for future use.
           ┌──────┬─────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────┐
           │ Flag │ Name                        │ Meaning                    │
           ├──────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
           │ 01   │ LOG_EVENT_BINLOG_IN_USE_F   │ Log file correctly         │
           │      │                             │ closed. (Used only         │
           │      │                             │ in                         │
           │      │                             │ FORMAT_DESCRIPTION_EVENT.) │
           │      │                             │ If this flag is set        │
           │      │                             │ (if the flags are,         │
           │      │                             │ for example, ´01           │
           │      │                             │ 00´) in a                  │
           │      │                             │ FORMAT_DESCRIPTION_EVENT,  │
           │      │                             │ the log file has not       │
           │      │                             │ been properly              │
           │      │                             │ closed. Most               │
           │      │                             │ probably this is           │
           │      │                             │ because of a master        │
           │      │                             │ crash (for example,        │
           │      │                             │ due to power               │
           │      │                             │ failure).                  │
           ├──────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
           │ 02   │                             │ Reserved for future use.   │
           ├──────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
           │ 04   │ LOG_EVENT_THREAD_SPECIFIC_F │ Set if the event is        │
           │      │                             │ dependent on the           │
           │      │                             │ connection it was executed │
           │      │                             │ in (for example, ´04 00´), │
           │      │                             │ for example, if the event  │
           │      │                             │ uses temporary tables.     │
           ├──────┼─────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
           │ 08   │ LOG_EVENT_SUPPRESS_USE_F    │ Set in some circumstances  │
           │      │                             │ when the event is not      │
           │      │                             │ dependent on the default   │
           │      │                             │ database.                  │
           └──────┴─────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────┘

MYSQLBINLOG ROW EVENT DISPLAY         top

       The following examples illustrate how mysqlbinlog displays row
       events that specify data modifications. These correspond to
       events with the WRITE_ROWS_EVENT, UPDATE_ROWS_EVENT, and
       DELETE_ROWS_EVENT type codes. The --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS and
       --verbose options may be used to affect row event output.

       Suppose that the server is using row-based binary logging and
       that you execute the following sequence of statements:

           CREATE TABLE t
           (
             id   INT NOT NULL,
             name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
             date DATE NULL
           ) ENGINE = InnoDB;
           START TRANSACTION;
           INSERT INTO t VALUES(1, ´apple´, NULL);
           UPDATE t SET name = ´pear´, date = ´2009-01-01´ WHERE id = 1;
           DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 1;
           COMMIT;

       By default, mysqlbinlog displays row events encoded as base-64
       strings using BINLOG statements. Omitting extraneous lines, the
       output for the row events produced by the preceding statement
       sequence looks like this:

           shell> mysqlbinlog log_file
           ...
           # at 218
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 258     Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           BINLOG ´
           fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAANoAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
           fAS3SBcBAAAAKAAAAAIBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//8AQAAAAVhcHBsZQ==
           ´/*!*/;
           ...
           # at 302
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 356     Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           BINLOG ´
           fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAC4BAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
           fAS3SBgBAAAANgAAAGQBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA////AEAAAAFYXBwbGX4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
           ´/*!*/;
           ...
           # at 400
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 442     Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           BINLOG ´
           fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAJABAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
           fAS3SBkBAAAAKgAAALoBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
           ´/*!*/;

       To see the row events as comments in the form of “pseudo-SQL”
       statements, run mysqlbinlog with the --verbose or -v option. The
       output will contain lines beginning with ###:

           shell> mysqlbinlog -v log_file
           ...
           # at 218
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 258     Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           BINLOG ´
           fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAANoAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
           fAS3SBcBAAAAKAAAAAIBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//8AQAAAAVhcHBsZQ==
           ´/*!*/;
           ### INSERT INTO test.t
           ### SET
           ###   @1=1
           ###   @2=´apple´
           ###   @3=NULL
           ...
           # at 302
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 356     Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           BINLOG ´
           fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAC4BAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
           fAS3SBgBAAAANgAAAGQBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA////AEAAAAFYXBwbGX4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
           ´/*!*/;
           ### UPDATE test.t
           ### WHERE
           ###   @1=1
           ###   @2=´apple´
           ###   @3=NULL
           ### SET
           ###   @1=1
           ###   @2=´pear´
           ###   @3=´2009:01:01´
           ...
           # at 400
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 442     Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           BINLOG ´
           fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAJABAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
           fAS3SBkBAAAAKgAAALoBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
           ´/*!*/;
           ### DELETE FROM test.t
           ### WHERE
           ###   @1=1
           ###   @2=´pear´
           ###   @3=´2009:01:01´

       Specify --verbose or -v twice to also display data types and some
       metadata for each column. The output will contain an additional
       comment following each column change:

           shell> mysqlbinlog -vv log_file
           ...
           # at 218
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 258     Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           BINLOG ´
           fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAANoAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
           fAS3SBcBAAAAKAAAAAIBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//8AQAAAAVhcHBsZQ==
           ´/*!*/;
           ### INSERT INTO test.t
           ### SET
           ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
           ###   @2=´apple´ /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
           ###   @3=NULL /* VARSTRING(20) meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=1 */
           ...
           # at 302
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 356     Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           BINLOG ´
           fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAC4BAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
           fAS3SBgBAAAANgAAAGQBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA////AEAAAAFYXBwbGX4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
           ´/*!*/;
           ### UPDATE test.t
           ### WHERE
           ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
           ###   @2=´apple´ /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
           ###   @3=NULL /* VARSTRING(20) meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=1 */
           ### SET
           ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
           ###   @2=´pear´ /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
           ###   @3=´2009:01:01´ /* DATE meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
           ...
           # at 400
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 442     Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           BINLOG ´
           fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAJABAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
           fAS3SBkBAAAAKgAAALoBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
           ´/*!*/;
           ### DELETE FROM test.t
           ### WHERE
           ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
           ###   @2=´pear´ /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
           ###   @3=´2009:01:01´ /* DATE meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */

       You can tell mysqlbinlog to suppress the BINLOG statements for
       row events by using the --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS option. This
       is similar to --base64-output=NEVER but does not exit with an
       error if a row event is found. The combination of
       --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS and --verbose provides a convenient
       way to see row events only as SQL statements:

           shell> mysqlbinlog -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS log_file
           ...
           # at 218
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 258     Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           ### INSERT INTO test.t
           ### SET
           ###   @1=1
           ###   @2=´apple´
           ###   @3=NULL
           ...
           # at 302
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 356     Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           ### UPDATE test.t
           ### WHERE
           ###   @1=1
           ###   @2=´apple´
           ###   @3=NULL
           ### SET
           ###   @1=1
           ###   @2=´pear´
           ###   @3=´2009:01:01´
           ...
           # at 400
           #080828 15:03:08 server id 1  end_log_pos 442     Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
           ### DELETE FROM test.t
           ### WHERE
           ###   @1=1
           ###   @2=´pear´
           ###   @3=´2009:01:01´

           Note

           You should not suppress BINLOG statements if you intend to
           re-execute mysqlbinlog output.

       The SQL statements produced by --verbose for row events are much
       more readable than the corresponding BINLOG statements. However,
       they do not correspond exactly to the original SQL statements
       that generated the events. The following limitations apply:

       •   The original column names are lost and replaced by @N, where
           N is a column number.

       •   Character set information is not available in the binary log,
           which affects string column display:

           •   There is no distinction made between corresponding binary
               and nonbinary string types (BINARY and CHAR, VARBINARY
               and VARCHAR, BLOB and TEXT). The output uses a data type
               of STRING for fixed-length strings and VARSTRING for
               variable-length strings.

           •   For multi-byte character sets, the maximum number of
               bytes per character is not present in the binary log, so
               the length for string types is displayed in bytes rather
               than in characters. For example, STRING(4) will be used
               as the data type for values from either of these column
               types:

                   CHAR(4) CHARACTER SET latin1
                   CHAR(2) CHARACTER SET ucs2

           •   Due to the storage format for events of type
               UPDATE_ROWS_EVENT, UPDATE statements are displayed with
               the WHERE clause preceding the SET clause.

       Proper interpretation of row events requires the information from
       the format description event at the beginning of the binary log.
       Because mysqlbinlog does not know in advance whether the rest of
       the log contains row events, by default it displays the format
       description event using a BINLOG statement in the initial part of
       the output.

       If the binary log is known not to contain any events requiring a
       BINLOG statement (that is, no row events), the
       --base64-output=NEVER option can be used to prevent this header
       from being written.

COPYRIGHT         top

       Copyright 2007-2008 MySQL AB, 2008-2010 Sun Microsystems, Inc.,
       2010-2021 MariaDB Foundation

       This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it
       and/or modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public
       License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
       of the License.

       This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be
       useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
       warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
       See the GNU General Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
       along with the program; if not, write to the Free Software
       Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
       02110-1335 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

NOTES         top

        1. Bug#42941
           http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=42941

SEE ALSO         top

       For more information, please refer to the MariaDB Knowledge Base,
       available online at https://mariadb.com/kb/

AUTHOR         top

       MariaDB Foundation (http://www.mariadb.org/).

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the MariaDB (MariaDB database server)
       project.  Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨http://mariadb.org/⟩.  If you have a bug report for this manual
       page, see ⟨https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/reporting-bugs/⟩.
       This page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://github.com/MariaDB/server⟩ on 2023-12-22.  (At that
       time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
       repository was 2023-05-11.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       man-pages@man7.org

MariaDB 10.8                  14 April 2021            MARIADB-BINLOG(1)