du(1) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | PATTERNS | AUTHOR | REPORTING BUGS | COPYRIGHT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON

DU(1)                         User Commands                        DU(1)

NAME         top

       du - estimate file space usage

SYNOPSIS         top

       du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

DESCRIPTION         top

       Summarize device usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for
       directories.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short
       options too.

       -0, --null
              end each output line with NUL, not newline

       -a, --all
              write counts for all files, not just directories

       --apparent-size
              print apparent sizes rather than device usage; although
              the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due
              to holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation,
              indirect blocks, and the like

       -B, --block-size=SIZE
              scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '-BM'
              prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format
              below

       -b, --bytes
              equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'

       -c, --total
              produce a grand total

       -D, --dereference-args
              dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command
              line

       -d, --max-depth=N
              print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only
              if it is N or fewer levels below the command line
              argument;  --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize

       --files0-from=F
              summarize device usage of the NUL-terminated file names
              specified in file F; if F is -, then read names from
              standard input

       -H     equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)

       -h, --human-readable
              print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --inodes
              list inode usage information instead of block usage

       -k     like --block-size=1K

       -L, --dereference
              dereference all symbolic links

       -l, --count-links
              count sizes many times if hard linked

       -m     like --block-size=1M

       -P, --no-dereference
              don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)

       -S, --separate-dirs
              for directories do not include size of subdirectories

       --si   like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -s, --summarize
              display only a total for each argument

       -t, --threshold=SIZE
              exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries
              greater than SIZE if negative

       --time show time of the last modification of any file in the
              directory, or any of its subdirectories

       --time=WORD
              show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime,
              access, use, ctime or status

       --time-style=STYLE
              show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso,
              iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'

       -X, --exclude-from=FILE
              exclude files that match any pattern in FILE

       --exclude=PATTERN
              exclude files that match PATTERN

       -x, --one-file-system
              skip directories on different file systems

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from
       --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE
       environment variables.  Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes
       (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).

       The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K
       is 10*1024).  Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or
       KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).  Binary prefixes can be used, too:
       KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

PATTERNS         top

       PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression).  The
       pattern ? matches any one character, whereas * matches any string
       (composed of zero, one or multiple characters).  For example, *.o
       will match any files whose names end in .o.  Therefore, the
       command

              du --exclude='*.o'

       will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including
       the file .o itself).

AUTHOR         top

       Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and
       Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS         top

       GNU coreutils online help:
       <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report any translation bugs to
       <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT         top

       Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+:
       GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute
       it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO         top

       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the coreutils (basic file, shell and text
       manipulation utilities) project.  Information about the project
       can be found at ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩.  If you
       have a bug report for this manual page, see
       ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩.  This page was obtained
       from the tarball coreutils-9.4.tar.xz fetched from
       ⟨http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/⟩ on 2023-12-22.  If you
       discover any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page,
       or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for
       the page, or you have corrections or improvements to the
       information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
       manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org

GNU coreutils 9.4              August 2023                         DU(1)

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